Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2024 Mar 22;26(4):512-516. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntad199.
Many people remove the tobacco leaf from cigars and replace it with cannabis (ie, blunts), but few studies have examined whether messages about the risks of cigars, like warnings on cigar packages, can affect blunt use.
Participants were 438 U.S. adults who reported past 30-day cigar use and ever blunt use, recruited from a probability-based national panel to take an online survey. In a 2 × 2 experiment with a between-subjects design, we manipulated two cigar warning characteristics: (1) warning type: text-only versus pictorial (ie, text + image) and (2) warning size: 30% (smaller) versus 50% (larger) of the product package. Participants then viewed six different warnings on a fictious cigarillo package, within their randomly assigned condition. After evaluating all stimuli, participants were asked the extent to which the warnings discouraged them from wanting to use cigars to smoke cannabis (ie, blunt perceived warning effectiveness). Response options ranged from "not at all" (1) to "a great deal" (5).
We observed no main effects of warning type or size on blunt perceived warning effectiveness. However, a significant interaction existed between the two experimental manipulations (p = .009). Whereas adding images made no difference to blunt perceived warning effectiveness when warnings were smaller (simple effect: -0.22, p = .28), images mattered for larger warnings. Specifically, adding images increased blunt perceived warning effectiveness when warnings were 50% of the product package (simple effect: 0.52, p = .008).
This experiment provides preliminary evidence that larger pictorial cigar warnings may discourage blunt use relative to larger but text-only warnings.
Blunts, which are hollowed out cigars with tobacco leaf wrappers that are filled with cannabis leaf, are one of the most common ways in which tobacco and cannabis are used simultaneously, yet few studies have examined whether messages about the risks of cigars can affect blunt use. We conducted an online experiment concerning the perceived effectiveness of cigar warnings among people who use blunts recruited from a probability-based panel. Results provide novel, preliminary evidence that larger pictorial cigar warnings may discourage blunt use, relative to larger but text-only warnings. More research evaluating cigar warnings on blunt use is needed.
许多人会将雪茄中的烟草取出，并用大麻（即大麻烟）代替，但很少有研究调查关于雪茄风险的信息（如雪茄包装上的警告）是否会影响大麻烟的使用。
参与者为 438 名美国成年人，他们报告了过去 30 天内使用雪茄和使用大麻烟的情况，这些参与者是从一个基于概率的全国性小组中招募来参加在线调查的。在一项有 2×2 实验设计的实验中，我们操纵了两个雪茄警告特征：（1）警告类型：仅文字与图文（即文字+图像）；（2）警告大小：产品包装的 30%（小）与 50%（大）。然后，参与者在他们随机分配的条件下，查看了一个虚构小雪茄包装上的六个不同的警告。在评估完所有的刺激后，参与者被问到这些警告在多大程度上阻止他们想要用雪茄来吸食大麻（即，对大麻烟的感知警告效果）。回答选项从“一点也不”（1）到“非常”（5）。
我们没有观察到警告类型或大小对大麻烟感知警告效果的主要影响。然而，两个实验操作之间存在显著的相互作用（p=0.009）。当警告较小时，添加图像对大麻烟感知警告效果没有影响（简单效应：-0.22，p=0.28），但当警告较大时，添加图像则有影响。具体来说，当警告占据产品包装的 50%时，添加图像会增加大麻烟感知警告效果（简单效应：0.52，p=0.008）。
这项实验提供了初步证据，表明较大的图文雪茄警告可能会阻止使用大麻烟，而较大的但只有文字的警告则不会。
大麻烟是一种中空的雪茄，用烟叶包裹，里面填充大麻叶，是烟草和大麻同时使用的最常见方式之一，但很少有研究调查关于雪茄风险的信息是否会影响大麻烟的使用。我们对从基于概率的小组中招募的使用大麻烟的人进行了一项关于雪茄警告对大麻烟感知效果的在线实验。结果提供了新的、初步的证据，表明较大的图文雪茄警告可能会阻止使用大麻烟，而较大的但只有文字的警告则不会。需要更多的研究来评估关于大麻烟的雪茄警告。
