认知训练对健康老年人执行功能的疗效：一项对随机对照试验的系统评价与荟萃分析
Efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
作者信息
Olegário Raphael Lopes, Fernandes Sarah Ribeiro, de Moraes Rui
机构信息
Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Behavioural Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
出版信息
Psychol Health. 2025 May;40(5):714-741. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2023.2267610. Epub 2023 Oct 12.
OBJECTIVE
Systematically review randomized controlled trials on the efficacy of cognitive training on executive functions in healthy older people.
MEASURES
The outcome measures were related to inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility.
RESULTS
Thirty-one trials were included in the systematic review and thirteen trials in the meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, the cognitive training enhanced inhibitory control when measured by the Stroop task ( < .001, = 1.64) and working memory when measured by the Corsi Block task ( = .002, = .16). A marginal significance was found for working memory in the Digit Span task - Forward ( = .06, = .92). However, cognitive training did not enhance inhibitory control when measured by the Go/No-Go task ( = .76, = .59), working memory when measured by the Digit Span - Backward ( = .72, = .95) and N-Back ( = .10, = .26) tasks, and cognitive flexibility when measured by Trail Making - Part B ( = .08, = .27) and Semantic Fluency ( = .49, = .06) tasks.
CONCLUSION
Mixed evidence was found for inhibitory control and working memory; cognitive flexibility showed no evidence of improvement.
目的
系统评价关于认知训练对健康老年人执行功能疗效的随机对照试验。
测量指标
结果测量指标与抑制控制、工作记忆和认知灵活性有关。
结果
系统评价纳入31项试验，荟萃分析纳入13项试验。在总体分析中，认知训练在通过Stroop任务测量时增强了抑制控制（P <.001，g = 1.64），在通过Corsi方块任务测量时增强了工作记忆（P = .002，g = .16）。在数字广度任务-顺背中，工作记忆有边缘显著性（P = .06，g = .92）。然而，在通过Go/No-Go任务测量时，认知训练未增强抑制控制（P = .76，g = .59）；在通过数字广度-倒背（P = .72，g = .95）和N-回溯（P = .10，g = .26）任务测量时，未增强工作记忆；在通过连线测验B部分（P = .08，g = .27）和语义流畅性（P = .49，g = .06）任务测量时，未增强认知灵活性。
结论
关于抑制控制和工作记忆发现了混合证据；认知灵活性没有改善的证据。
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