Comparison of temperature changes in different irrigation methods used in guided piezosurgery: in vitro study.

PURPOSE

The study aimed to investigate the cooling performance of three different surgical methods for bone splitting during implant dentistry procedures.

METHODS

An in vitro study was conducted on bovine ribs to test the cooling performance of three osteotomy methods: conventional osteotomy with standard cooling irrigation, template-assisted osteotomy with standard cooling irrigation, and modified template-assisted osteotomy with additional cooling fluid through internal irrigation channels in the surgical guide. A negative control group without cooling was also included. Temperature measurements were taken during the procedures using a contactless infrared thermometer.

RESULTS

The results showed that the conventional osteotomy without cooling resulted in the highest mean of the peak temperatures (114.7 °C ± 45.4), while the modified template-assisted osteotomy with additional cooling achieved the lowest mean of the peak temperatures (29.4 °C ± 7). Statistically significant differences in temperature were observed among the groups (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The study rejected the null hypothesis and demonstrated that the cooling method used during bone splitting procedures significantly affected the temperature development at the surgical site. The modified template-assisted osteotomy with additional cooling provided the best cooling performance. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the results due to the limitations of the in vitro study. Further research with stronger external validity is needed to confirm these findings and explore their applicability in clinical settings to benefit patients.