Briceag Raluca, Caraiane Aureliana, Raftu Gheorghe, Bratu Melania Lavinia, Buzatu Roxana, Dehelean Liana, Bondrescu Mariana, Bratosin Felix, Bumbu Bogdan Andrei
Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 7 Ilarie Voronca Street, 900684 Constanta, Romania.
Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900684 Constanta, Romania.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Sep 30;11(19):2660. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11192660.
Halitosis is a common condition with a significant impact on individuals' quality of life. The Halitosis Associated Life-Quality Test (HALT) is a reliable instrument for measuring this impact. This study aimed to introduce and validate the Romanian translation of the HALT questionnaire (R-HALT). We hypothesized that the R-HALT would demonstrate good reliability and validity in measuring the impact of halitosis on quality of life among Romanian teenagers and young adults. Our objectives were to translate and adapt the HALT, validate it among a cross-sectional group, and evaluate the extent of halitosis in this population. A multicentric cross-sectional design followed, which was approved by the Ethics Research Committee in Romania. The translation process involved independent translations, retro-translations, expert review, and pre-testing. The psychometric properties were evaluated among 150 patients (mean age 23.6 ± 1.8; 51% males) at dental clinics, including reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity, using accepted statistical measures such as Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The R-HALT revealed strong internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.93 to 0.96, and an ICC value of 0.87 (95% CI = 0.70-0.99), demonstrating excellent test-retest reliability. Mean scores of individual items ranged from 0.82 ± 0.94 (Q3) to 3.23 ± 1.15 (Q11). The corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.30 (Q2) to 0.90 (Q19). Organoleptic test scores diagnosed 41% (62 patients) with a score of 2, with increasing severity in 9% (13 patients) with a score of 5. The R-HALT exhibited robust reliability and validity in assessing the impact of halitosis among Romanian teenagers and young adults. The questionnaire is a strong tool for understanding, diagnosing, and managing halitosis in Romania, ultimately aiming to improve the quality of life of affected individuals. Further studies with diverse populations could enhance the applicability of the R-HALT.
口臭是一种常见病症,对个人生活质量有重大影响。口臭相关生活质量测试(HALT)是衡量这种影响的可靠工具。本研究旨在引入并验证HALT问卷的罗马尼亚语翻译版(R-HALT)。我们假设R-HALT在测量口臭对罗马尼亚青少年和年轻人生活质量的影响方面将表现出良好的信度和效度。我们的目标是翻译和改编HALT,在一个横断面群体中对其进行验证,并评估该人群中的口臭程度。随后采用了多中心横断面设计,该设计得到了罗马尼亚伦理研究委员会的批准。翻译过程包括独立翻译、回译、专家评审和预测试。在牙科诊所对150名患者(平均年龄23.6±1.8岁;51%为男性)评估了心理测量学特性,包括信度、收敛效度和区分效度,使用了诸如克朗巴赫α系数和组内相关系数(ICC)等公认的统计方法。R-HALT显示出很强的内部一致性,克朗巴赫α值范围为0.93至0.96,ICC值为0.87(95%置信区间=0.70-0.99),证明了出色的重测信度。各个项目的平均得分范围从0.82±0.94(问题3)到3.23±1.15(问题11)。校正后的项目-总分相关系数范围从0.30(问题2)到0.90(问题19)。感官测试得分诊断出41%(62名患者)得分为2分,9%(13名患者)得分为5分且病情加重。R-HALT在评估罗马尼亚青少年和年轻人口臭影响方面表现出强大的信度和效度。该问卷是了解、诊断和管理罗马尼亚口臭的有力工具,最终目标是提高受影响个体的生活质量。对不同人群进行的进一步研究可以提高R-HALT的适用性。