Economic College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov;30(52):112144-112158. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-30121-7. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
The widespread use of ultra-thin mulch films has been considered the root cause of China's difficulties in recycling waste mulch films and their severe residue and pollution. Therefore, environmental regulation to guide farmers to use and recycle high-standard mulch has become a key measure to prevent and control mulch pollution at the source. In this paper, we review environmental regulation measures for mulch pollution and their implementation characteristics in the northwest dry farming restoration region as a case study, and explore their impact on the use and recycling of high-standard mulch. The results show that China's environmental regulations on mulch use and recycling can be classified into three types: guidance, incentives, and restrictions. However, the measures implemented so far primarily consist of guidance, while the restrictive and incentive regulations are inadequate. The percentage of farmers using and recycling high-standard mulch under environmental regulations is relatively high (88.18% and 79.83%, respectively), but there is still room for improvement. The study also reveals that while environmental regulations promote the use of high-standard plastic film and its recycling, not all measures are equally effective. Specifically, the implementation of measures such as benefits publicity, price subsidies, technical training, behavior supervision, and punishment mechanisms can be effective in improving farmers' adoption of high-standard plastic mulch; publicizing the hazards of mulch residue, training on recycling techniques, establishing recycling sites, regulating recycling practices, and penalizing violations can effectively help increase the recycling rate of used mulch film. Finally, this study provides a valuable reference for improving regulatory policies for mulch pollution control.
超薄地膜的广泛使用被认为是造成中国废旧地膜回收困难、残膜污染严重的根源。因此，环境监管引导农民使用和回收高标准地膜成为防治地膜污染源头的关键措施。本文以西北旱作修复区为例，综述了地膜污染的环境监管措施及其实施特点，并探讨了其对高标准地膜使用和回收的影响。结果表明，中国对地膜使用和回收的环境监管措施可分为指导、激励和限制 3 种类型，但目前实施的措施主要以指导为主，限制和激励措施不足。在环境监管下，农民使用和回收高标准地膜的比例相对较高（分别为 88.18%和 79.83%），但仍有提升空间。研究还表明，虽然环境监管措施促进了高标准塑料薄膜的使用和回收，但并非所有措施都同样有效。具体而言，宣传效益、价格补贴、技术培训、行为监督和惩罚机制等措施的实施，可以有效提高农民采用高标准塑料地膜的意愿；宣传残膜危害、培训回收技术、建立回收点、规范回收行为和处罚违规行为等措施，可以有效提高废旧地膜的回收率。最后，本研究为改进地膜污染控制的监管政策提供了有价值的参考。
