Local nonspiking interneurons involved in gating of the descending motor pathway in crayfish.

Uropod motor neurons in the terminal abdominal ganglion of crayfish are continuously excited during the abdominal posture movement so that subthreshold excitatory postsynaptic potentials from the descending statocyst pathway can elicit spike activity in the motor neurons only while the abdominal posture system is in operation. Local nonspiking interneurons in the terminal ganglion were also found to show sustained membrane potential change during the fictive abdominal posture movement. Artificial membrane potential change of these interneurons by intracellular current injection in the same direction as that actually observed during the abdominal movement caused similar excitation of uropod motor neurons. Artificial cancellation of the membrane potential change of these interneurons during the abdominal movement also caused cancellation of the excitation of uropod motor neurons. We concluded that the continuous excitation of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal movement was mediated, at least partly, by the local nonspiking interneurons. Fourteen (36%) out of 39 examined nonspiking interneurons were judged to be involved in the excitation of uropod motor neurons during the fictive abdominal movement. Another 25 interneurons (64%) were found not to be involved in the excitation of motor neurons, although most of them had a strong effect on the uropod motor neuron activity when their membrane potential was changed artificially. The interneurons that were involved in the excitation of motor neurons during the abdominal movement included both of the two major structural types of nonspiking interneurons in the terminal ganglion, i.e., those in the anterolateral portion and those in the posterolateral portion. No strict correlation was found between the structure of nonspiking interneurons and their function in the control of uropod motor neuron activity.