Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Research Program Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
J Forensic Leg Med. 2023 Nov;100:102597. doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2023.102597. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
It is generally believed that the use of alcohol and cocaine alone and especially in combination elicits aggression and violent behaviour. Though there is overwhelming proof that heavy alcohol use is associated with violence, this is not the case for cocaine. Still, in the popular press and by spokesmen of the police, cocaine use is seen as a cause of violent incidents. In the current systematic review, available data from human studies on the relation between cocaine and violent behaviour is presented. In particular, we present scientific data on the acute induction of violence by cocaine alone, as well as, that by the combination of cocaine and alcohol known to be frequently used simultaneously. RESULTS: show that there is only weak scientific evidence for the acute induction of violent behaviour by cocaine, either when used alone or in combination with alcohol. Based on these data we were also able to refute misconceptions about the relation between cocaine and violence published in the popular press and governmental reports, because it appeared that there was hardly any empirical support for this widely shared opinion. Probably, contextual factors, including cocaine use disorder and personality disorder, may better explain the assumed association between cocaine and violence.
人们普遍认为，单独使用酒精和可卡因，尤其是两者同时使用，会引发攻击和暴力行为。虽然有大量证据表明大量饮酒与暴力有关，但可卡因并非如此。尽管如此，在大众媒体和警方发言人那里，可卡因的使用被视为暴力事件的一个原因。在本次系统综述中，呈现了关于可卡因与暴力行为之间关系的人类研究的现有数据。特别是，我们提供了关于可卡因单独使用以及众所周知的同时与酒精联合使用时急性诱发暴力行为的科学数据。结果表明，可卡因无论是单独使用还是与酒精联合使用，都只有较弱的科学证据表明会诱发暴力行为。基于这些数据，我们还驳斥了大众媒体和政府报告中关于可卡因与暴力之间关系的误解，因为几乎没有任何经验证据支持这种广泛存在的观点。可能，包括可卡因使用障碍和人格障碍在内的环境因素，可以更好地解释可卡因与暴力之间假定的关联。
