Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730333, China.
Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems with the Ministry of Education, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station, Lanzhou 730333, China.
Environ Res. 2023 Dec 15;239(Pt 1):117291. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117291. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Ecosystem services provide the basic elements for global economic development. In the context of the deepening global integration process, countries and regions are increasingly connected, resulting in a series of cross-country, cross-regional, multi-scale socio-economic-environmental impacts, these new situations and changes require a multi-site, two-way, and cross-temporal and spatial scale comprehensive study of "the relationship between ecosystem services and humans". Based on this, we apply a telecoupling synthesis framework to explore the socio-economic and eco-environmental interactions of ecosystem service spillover effects. Results show that (1) the spillover effect of ecosystem services in western China is significant. More than 66% of ecosystem services spillover to eastern China provinces, and more than 40% of ecosystem services spillover to countries in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia, resulting in a total of 679 million people benefiting from the spillover effect. (2) There are also multiple telecoupling processes between the ecosystem service spillovers in the ecologically fragile areas in western China and the rest of the world. In combination with the scenario simulation of the InVEST model, the services such as water supply, soil retention, flood mitigation, and food supply have significant impacts on sustainable development and human well-being in Asia and even the world. (3) The positive feedback effect of telecoupling is critical to the protection of the ecological environment as well as the improvement of people's livelihood and well-being in Western China's ecologically fragile areas. Therefore, we propose strengthening ecological compensation cooperation between local governments and implementing compensatory transfer payments between upstream and downstream. Simultaneously, international cooperation must be strengthened, and an ecological compensation transfer mechanism with beneficiary countries must be established, while the cross-regional flow of ecosystem services must be maintained. This study provides an example for the "ecosystem services and human relations" in multiple places, two directions and across time and space scales, and also practical reference significance for China implementation of projects such as the "the Belt and Road" initiative and transnational and cross regional resource allocation.
生态系统服务为全球经济发展提供了基本要素。在全球一体化进程不断深化的背景下，各国各地区联系日益紧密，导致一系列跨国、跨区域、多尺度的社会经济环境影响，这些新情况和变化需要从多地点、双向、跨时空和跨尺度的角度综合研究“生态系统服务与人类的关系”。基于此，我们应用 telecoupling 综合框架来探索生态系统服务溢出效应的社会经济和生态环境相互作用。结果表明：（1）中国西部地区的生态系统服务溢出效应显著。超过 66%的生态系统服务溢出到中国东部省份，超过 40%的生态系统服务溢出到东南亚、南亚和中亚国家，共有 6.79 亿人受益于溢出效应。（2）中国西部生态脆弱地区的生态系统服务溢出还存在多种 telecoupling 过程。结合 InVEST 模型的情景模拟，供水、土壤保持、洪水缓解和粮食供应等服务对亚洲乃至世界的可持续发展和人类福祉产生了重大影响。（3）telecoupling 的正反馈效应对保护中国西部生态脆弱地区的生态环境以及改善人民生活和福祉至关重要。因此，我们建议加强地方政府之间的生态补偿合作，实施上下游之间的补偿性转移支付。同时，必须加强国际合作，建立有受益国参与的生态补偿转移机制，同时保持生态系统服务的跨区域流动。本研究为“多地点、双向、跨时空和跨尺度的生态系统服务与人类关系”提供了一个范例，也为中国实施“一带一路”倡议和跨国跨区域资源配置等项目提供了实际参考意义。
