Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
Occupational Medicine Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Science, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy; Division of Occupational Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;345:140433. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140433. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) represent a possible hazard for the ecosystems, with adverse outcomes on wildlife and humans. POPs have always received interest from the scientific community, and they have also been subject to legal restrictions worldwide on their application and commercialization. Among the broad spectrum of POPs, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are considered emerging contaminants due to their potential effect on the ecosystem and human health. These contaminants are widely employed in countless applications, from surfactants and building materials to food packaging. On the other hand, their chemical structure gives them the ability to interact with the environment, causing possible toxic effects for humans and environment. Human biomonitoring is a necessary instrument to indagate the impact of PFASs on human health: in recent years several studies have found detectable levels of PFASs in several biological matrices in humans (blood, hair, nails, and urine). Here, we review the most recent scientific literature concerning analytical methods employed in the identification and quantification of PFASs focusing on biological matrices. It has been noted that liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is the main analytical instrumentation employed, while blood and/or serum samples are the main employed human matrices whereas the use of non-invasive matrices is still at the beginning. Various issues directly related to human metabolism of PFASs and the effective amount of PFAS absorbed from the environment still need to be investigated.
持久性有机污染物（POPs）对生态系统构成潜在危害，对野生动物和人类产生不良影响。POPs 一直受到科学界的关注，并且在全球范围内对其应用和商业化也受到法律限制。在广泛的 POPs 中，全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFASs）因其对生态系统和人类健康的潜在影响而被视为新兴污染物。这些污染物广泛应用于无数领域，从表面活性剂和建筑材料到食品包装。另一方面，它们的化学结构使它们能够与环境相互作用，对人类和环境造成潜在的毒性影响。人体生物监测是研究 PFASs 对人类健康影响的必要手段：近年来，多项研究在人类的几种生物基质（血液、头发、指甲和尿液）中发现了可检测到的 PFASs 水平。在这里，我们回顾了最近关于用于鉴定和量化 PFASs 的分析方法的科学文献，重点关注生物基质。人们注意到，液相色谱-质谱联用是主要使用的分析仪器，而血液和/或血清样本是主要使用的人类基质，而使用非侵入性基质的情况仍处于起步阶段。与 PFASs 的人体代谢和从环境中吸收的有效 PFASs 量直接相关的各种问题仍需要进一步研究。
