NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5, A. Pawinskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 26;24(19):14571. doi: 10.3390/ijms241914571.
A remarkable feature of the brain is its sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism in brain structure and function is associated with clinical implications documented previously in healthy individuals but also in those who suffer from various brain disorders. Sex-based differences concerning some features such as the risk, prevalence, age of onset, and symptomatology have been confirmed in a range of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. The mechanisms responsible for the establishment of sex-based differences between men and women are not fully understood. The present paper provides up-to-date data on sex-related dissimilarities observed in brain disorders and highlights the most relevant features that differ between males and females. The topic is very important as the recognition of disparities between the sexes might allow for the identification of therapeutic targets and pharmacological approaches for intractable neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
大脑的一个显著特征是其性别二态性。大脑结构和功能的性别二态性与之前在健康个体以及患有各种脑疾病的个体中记录到的临床意义有关。在一系列神经和神经精神疾病中，已经证实了一些特征（如风险、患病率、发病年龄和症状学）存在基于性别的差异。导致男女之间出现基于性别的差异的机制尚未完全了解。本文提供了关于在脑疾病中观察到的与性别相关的差异的最新数据，并强调了男性和女性之间存在差异的最相关特征。这个话题非常重要，因为认识到性别之间的差异可能有助于确定治疗靶点和治疗顽固性神经和神经精神疾病的药物方法。
