Wu Shang, Xiao Wenkai, Gong Lingfei, Zhang Fuju
School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
Wuhan Narogap Intelligent Equipment Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430072, China.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Oct 9;16(19):6601. doi: 10.3390/ma16196601.
The 18 mm thick Q235A low carbon steel plates were welded via the ultra-narrow gap metal active gas arc welding (ultra-NGMAGW) and narrow gap submerged arc welding (NGSAW), and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joints' area were characterized. The results showed that there is acicular ferrite (AF) in the weld zone of the joint obtained via the ultra-NGMAGW. The AF grains are fine and have a great difference in growth direction, resulting in high local dislocation density. However, there is no AF in the welded joint obtained via the NGSAW. Using numerical simulation analysis of the temperature field distribution and the thermal cycle curve in the welding process of the ultra-NGMAGW, it was found that the mechanism of microstructure evolution is that during the welding process of the ultra-NGMAGW, the heat input is low, the cooling rate is quick, and the residence time in the high temperature region is short. Therefore, pearlite with coarse grains is basically not formed. AF nucleates in different directions with inclusions as the core. The tensile strength of the weld joint obtained via the ultra-NGMAGW is 643 MPa, which corresponds to 139% of that of the base metal, and 132% of that obtained via the NGSAW. The ultra-NGMAGW joints exhibited better tensile strength and higher microhardness than the NGSAW joints, which is mainly due to the existence of AF.
采用超窄间隙熔化极活性气体电弧焊(ultra-NGMAGW)和窄间隙埋弧焊(NGSAW)对18毫米厚的Q235A低碳钢板进行焊接,并对焊接接头区域的微观结构和力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,通过ultra-NGMAGW获得的接头焊缝区域存在针状铁素体(AF)。AF晶粒细小,生长方向差异大,导致局部位错密度高。然而,通过NGSAW获得的焊接接头中不存在AF。通过对ultra-NGMAGW焊接过程中的温度场分布和热循环曲线进行数值模拟分析,发现微观结构演变的机制是在ultra-NGMAGW焊接过程中,热输入低,冷却速度快,在高温区域的停留时间短。因此,基本不会形成粗大晶粒的珠光体。AF以夹杂物为核心在不同方向形核。通过ultra-NGMAGW获得的焊接接头的抗拉强度为643MPa,相当于母材的139%,是通过NGSAW获得的接头抗拉强度的132%。ultra-NGMAGW接头比NGSAW接头表现出更好的抗拉强度和更高的显微硬度,这主要是由于AF的存在。