Nimura Y, Shionoya S
Gan No Rinsho. 1986 Aug;32(10):1246-8.
Recently the technique of imaging diagnosis has been developed and biliary tract carcinomas without any symptoms can be diagnosed by US, CT and cholangiography, but preoperative definitive diagnosis should be carried out by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) or percutaneous transhepatic cholecystoscopy (PTCCS) especially in cases of minute lesions, superficial spreading type carcinomas or biliary tract carcinomas complicated with gall stones. Operative procedures, such as hepatectomy, bile duct resection and/or pancreatoduodenectomy, have to be decided before the operation according to the extent of cancer which is diagnosed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic biopsy.
近年来，影像诊断技术不断发展，无症状的胆管癌可通过超声、CT和胆管造影进行诊断，但术前明确诊断应通过经皮经肝胆管镜检查（PTCS）或经皮经肝胆囊镜检查（PTCCS），尤其是微小病变、浅表扩散型癌或合并胆结石的胆管癌病例。手术方式，如肝切除术、胆管切除术和/或胰十二指肠切除术，必须在术前根据经皮经肝胆管镜活检诊断的癌症范围来决定。
