Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biofísica, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;345:140456. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140456. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
Kogia sima and Kogia breviceps are apex predators of mesopelagic trophic webs being far from most anthropogenic threats. However, chemical pollutants and naturally synthesized compounds may travel long distances. This study aimed to use kogiid whales as sentinels of mesopelagic trophic webs in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs), e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and metabolites, mirex, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB) and hexabromobenzene (HBB), and the naturally produced methoxylated BDE (MeO-BDEs) were determined in the blubber of 16 K. sima and 15 K. breviceps. Among the organochlorine compounds, DDTs were the main group found in K. sima and in K. breviceps (1636.6 and 3983.3 ng g lw, respective medians), followed by PCBs (425.9 and 956.1 ng g lw, respectively), mirex (184.1 and 375.6 ng g lw, respectively), and HCB (132.4 and 340.3 ng g lw, respectively). As for the organobromine, the natural MeO-BDEs were predominant (1676.7 and 501.6 ng g lw, respectively), followed by PBDEs (13.6 and 10.3 ng g lw, respectively) and PBEB (2.2 and 2.9 ng g lw, respectively). In general, POPs concentration was higher in K. breviceps than in K. sima. Conversely, MeO-BDEs concentration was higher in K. sima than in K. breviceps. Differences in concentrations in these sympatric odontocetes were attributed to distinct species, sampling sites, and biological parameters and suggest some level of niche segregation. It is noteworthy the long-range reach and bioaccumulation of these synthetic compounds in an unexplored habitat, that present an increasing economic interest.
抹香鲸和小抹香鲸是中层营养网的顶级掠食者，远离大多数人为威胁。然而，化学污染物和天然合成化合物可能会传播很远的距离。本研究旨在利用喙鲸作为西南大西洋中层营养网的哨兵。持久性有机污染物（POPs），例如多氯联苯（PCBs）、滴滴涕（DDT）及其代谢物、灭蚁灵、六氯苯（HCB）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、五溴乙基苯（PBEB）和六溴苯（HBB）以及天然生成的甲氧基化 BDE（MeO-BDEs），在 16 头大吻巨头鲸和 15 头小抹香鲸的鲸脂中进行了测定。在有机氯化合物中，滴滴涕是大吻巨头鲸和小抹香鲸中主要的一组（中位数分别为 1636.6 和 3983.3ng/g lw），其次是多氯联苯（425.9 和 956.1ng/g lw，分别）、灭蚁灵（184.1 和 375.6ng/g lw，分别）和 HCB（132.4 和 340.3ng/g lw，分别）。至于有机溴，天然的 MeO-BDEs 占主导地位（中位数分别为 1676.7 和 501.6ng/g lw），其次是 PBDEs（13.6 和 10.3ng/g lw，分别）和 PBEB（2.2 和 2.9ng/g lw，分别）。总的来说，POPs 浓度在小抹香鲸中高于大吻巨头鲸。相反，MeO-BDEs 在大吻巨头鲸中的浓度高于小抹香鲸。这些共生齿鲸之间浓度的差异归因于不同的物种、采样地点和生物参数，表明它们存在一定程度的生态位分离。值得注意的是，这些合成化合物在一个尚未开发的栖息地中具有长距离传播和生物积累的能力，这对经济利益的增加构成了一定的威胁。
