College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nanomedicine Center, The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou, 510700, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2024 Jan 30;319(Pt 3):117306. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117306. Epub 2023 Oct 13.
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP) is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant with immunomodulatory effects. However, the immunomodulatory effects of EP on broilers after vaccination are still unclear.
The aim is to study the effect of EP and Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench extracts(EE) on avian influenza virus (AIV) immunity, and further explore the potential mechanism of immune regulation.
Broilers were fed with feed additives containing 2% EP or 0.5% EE, and vaccinated against avian influenza. The samples were collected on the 7th, 21st, and 35th day after vaccination, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Blood antibody titer, jejunal sIgA content, tight junction protein, gene and protein expression of TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway were also detected.
The results showed that vaccination could cause immune stress, weight loss, increase sIgA content, and up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), Occludin, and Claudin-1, as well as the genes of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), activator protein 1 (AP-1) protein gene expression on TLR4-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the protein expression of MyD88, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). EP and EE could increase the body weight of broilers, further improve antibody titers, decrease FCR, increase sIgA levels, up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins, including ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1, as well as the genes of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, and AP-1 and the protein expression of MyD88, ERK, and JNK in the TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway.
In conclusion, EP and EE can increase the broiler's production performance and improve vaccine immune effect through the TLR4-MAPK signaling pathway.
紫锥菊（Echinacea purpurea（L.）Moench）（EP）是一种具有免疫调节作用的多年生草本开花植物。然而，EP 对接种后的肉鸡的免疫调节作用尚不清楚。
本研究旨在研究 EP 和紫锥菊提取物（EE）对禽流感病毒（AIV）免疫的影响，并进一步探讨其免疫调节的潜在机制。
给肉鸡喂食含有 2% EP 或 0.5% EE 的饲料添加剂，并对其进行禽流感疫苗接种。在接种后的第 7、21 和 35 天采集样本，并计算饲料转化率（FCR）。还检测了血液抗体滴度、空肠分泌型免疫球蛋白 A（sIgA）含量、紧密连接蛋白、TLR4-MAPK 信号通路的基因和蛋白表达。
结果表明，接种会导致免疫应激、体重减轻、sIgA 含量增加，并上调紧密连接蛋白的表达，包括闭锁蛋白-1（ZO-1）、闭合蛋白和 Claudin-1，以及 Toll 样受体 4（TLR4）、髓样分化初级反应 88（MyD88）、受体相关因子 6（TRAF6）、激活蛋白 1（AP-1）基因在 TLR4-丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路中的表达，以及 MyD88、细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK）和 c-Jun N-末端激酶（JNK）的蛋白表达。EP 和 EE 可以增加肉鸡的体重，进一步提高抗体滴度，降低 FCR，增加 sIgA 水平，上调紧密连接蛋白的表达，包括 ZO-1、闭合蛋白和 Claudin-1，以及 TLR4、MyD88、TRAF6 和 AP-1 基因在 TLR4-MAPK 信号通路中的表达，以及 MyD88、ERK 和 JNK 的蛋白表达。
总之，EP 和 EE 可以通过 TLR4-MAPK 信号通路提高肉鸡的生产性能和改善疫苗免疫效果。
