Kaniecki Marie, Novak Nicole L, Gao Sarah, Lira Natalie, Treviño Toni Ann, O'Connor Kate, Stern Alexandra Minna
Institute for Society and Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90096, USA.
Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Soc Forces. 2023 Apr 29;102(2):706-729. doi: 10.1093/sf/soad060. eCollection 2023 Dec.
During the twentieth century, state health authorities in California recommended sterilization for over 20,000 individuals held in state institutions. Asian immigrants occupied a marginalized position in racial, gender, and class hierarchies in California at the height of its eugenic sterilization program. Scholars have documented the disproportionate sterilization of other racialized groups, but little research exists connecting the racist, gendered implementation of Asian immigration restriction to the racism and sexism inherent in eugenics. This study examines patterns of coercive sterilization in Asian immigrants in California, hypothesizing higher institutionalization and sterilization rates among Asian-born compared with other foreign- and US-born individuals. We used complete count census microdata from 1910 to 1940 and digitized sterilization recommendation forms from 1920 to 1945 to model relative institutionalization and sterilization rates of Asian-born, other foreign-born, and US-born populations, stratified by gender. Other foreign-born men and women had the highest institutionalization rates in all four census years. Sterilization rates were higher for Asian-born women compared with US-born [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.61, 2.48)] and other foreign-born women ( < 0.001) across the entire study period. Sterilization rates for Asian-born men were not significantly higher than those of US-born men [IRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83, 1.10). However, an inflection point model incorporating the year of sterilization found higher sterilization rates for Asian-born men than for US-born men prior to 1933 [IRR 1.31 (95% CI 1.09, 1.59)]. This original quantitative analysis contributes to the literature demonstrating the health impact of discrimination on Asian-Americans and the disproportionate sterilization of racial minorities under state eugenics programs.
在20世纪，加利福尼亚州卫生当局建议对该州机构收容的2万多名人员实施绝育。在加利福尼亚州优生绝育计划的鼎盛时期，亚洲移民在种族、性别和阶级等级制度中处于边缘地位。学者们记录了其他种族化群体绝育比例过高的情况，但很少有研究将针对亚洲移民限制的种族主义、性别化实施与优生学中固有的种族主义和性别歧视联系起来。本研究调查了加利福尼亚州亚洲移民的强制绝育模式，假设与其他外国出生和美国出生的人相比，亚洲出生的人被收容和绝育的比例更高。我们使用了1910年至1940年的完整人口普查微观数据以及1920年至1945年数字化的绝育推荐表格，以模拟按性别分层的亚洲出生、其他外国出生和美国出生人群的相对收容率和绝育率。在所有四个普查年份中，其他外国出生的男性和女性的收容率最高。在整个研究期间，亚洲出生的女性绝育率高于美国出生的女性[发病率比（IRR）=2.00（95%置信区间：1.61，2.48）]和其他外国出生的女性（<0.001）。亚洲出生的男性绝育率并不显著高于美国出生的男性[IRR 0.95（95%置信区间0.83，1.10）]。然而，一个纳入绝育年份的拐点模型发现，1933年之前，亚洲出生的男性绝育率高于美国出生的男性[IRR 1.31（95%置信区间1.09，1.59）]。这项原创性的定量分析为文献做出了贡献，证明了歧视对亚裔美国人的健康影响以及州优生计划下少数族裔绝育比例过高的情况。
