School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
USERN Office, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Dec;31(6):2955-2971. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01361-3. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of brain injury resulting from a sudden physical force to the head. TBI can range from mild, such as a concussion, to severe, which might result in long-term complications or even death. The initial impact or primary injury to the brain is followed by neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, which are the hallmarks of the secondary injury phase, that can further damage the brain tissue. Dexamethasone (DXM) has neuroprotective effects. It reduces neuroinflammation, a critical factor in secondary injury-associated neuronal damage. DXM can also suppress the microglia activation and infiltrated macrophages, which are responsible for producing pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to neuroinflammation. Considering the outcomes of this research, some of the effects of DXM on TBI include: (1) DXM-loaded hydrogels reduce apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and lesion volume and improves neuronal cell survival and motor performance, (2) DXM treatment elevates the levels of Ndufs2, Gria3, MAOB, and Ndufv2 in the hippocampus following TBI, (3) DXM decreases the quantity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells, (4) DXM reduces the expression of IL1, (5) DXM suppresses the infiltration of RhoA + cells into primary lesions of TBI and (6) DXM treatment led to an increase in fractional anisotropy values and a decrease in apparent diffusion coefficient values, indicating improved white matter integrity. According to the study, the findings show that DXM treatment has neuroprotective effects in TBI. This indicates that DXM is a promising therapeutic approach to treating TBI.
创伤性脑损伤（TBI）是一种由头部突然受到物理力引起的脑损伤。TBI 可从轻到重不等，例如脑震荡，严重的可能导致长期并发症甚至死亡。大脑的初始冲击或原发性损伤会导致神经炎症、兴奋毒性和氧化应激，这些是继发性损伤阶段的特征，可能进一步损害脑组织。地塞米松（DXM）具有神经保护作用。它可以减少神经炎症，这是继发性损伤相关神经元损伤的关键因素。DXM 还可以抑制小胶质细胞的激活和浸润巨噬细胞，这些细胞负责产生促炎细胞因子，导致神经炎症。考虑到这项研究的结果，DXM 对 TBI 的一些影响包括：（1）载有 DXM 的水凝胶减少细胞凋亡、神经炎症和病变体积，提高神经元细胞存活率和运动表现；（2）DXM 治疗可提高 TBI 后海马中的 Ndufs2、Gria3、MAOB 和 Ndufv2 水平；（3）DXM 减少循环内皮祖细胞的数量；（4）DXM 降低 IL1 的表达；（5）DXM 抑制 RhoA + 细胞浸润 TBI 的原发性病变；（6）DXM 治疗导致各向异性分数值增加，表观扩散系数值降低，表明白质完整性得到改善。根据这项研究，研究结果表明 DXM 治疗对 TBI 具有神经保护作用。这表明 DXM 是治疗 TBI 的一种有前途的治疗方法。
