Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Nanoscale. 2023 Nov 9;15(43):17409-17421. doi: 10.1039/d3nr03120a.
Nanomaterials are currently being explored as novel antimicrobial agents. In this study, we first investigated the ability of two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets to trigger neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) using neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells as well as primary human peripheral blood neutrophils. We then addressed whether the MoS nanosheets themselves function as antibacterial agents. We found that MoS and NaMoO both triggered NETs, as evidenced by the quantification of neutrophil elastase (NE) activity and immunofluorescence staining of extracellular NE, as well as scanning electron microscopy. The release of NETs was found to be nitric oxide (NO)-dependent. We also found that the MoS nanosheets but not the soluble salt prompted acellular NO production in the presence of NaNO. The acellular generation of NO, suggestive of nanozyme properties of the MoS nanosheets, was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry confirmed the redox transition of the MoS nanosheets. Finally, MoS nanosheets inhibited the growth of in the presence of sodium nitrate. Taken together, MoS nanosheets triggered cellular effects as well as acellular antibacterial effects, and we provided evidence for nitrite reductase-like properties of MoS.
纳米材料目前正在被探索作为新型抗菌剂。在这项研究中，我们首先使用分化的 HL-60 细胞和人外周血中性粒细胞来研究二维（2D）二硫化钼（MoS）纳米片引发中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）的能力。然后，我们研究了 MoS 纳米片本身是否具有抗菌作用。我们发现 MoS 和 NaMoO 都能触发 NETs，这可以通过中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）活性的定量和细胞外 NE 的免疫荧光染色以及扫描电子显微镜来证明。发现 NETs 的释放依赖于一氧化氮（NO）。我们还发现，MoS 纳米片而不是可溶性盐在存在 NaNO 的情况下促使无细胞 NO 产生。无细胞生成的 NO，表明 MoS 纳米片具有纳米酶特性，这通过电子顺磁共振分析得到了证明。使用循环伏安法的电化学分析证实了 MoS 纳米片的氧化还原跃迁。最后，在存在硝酸钠的情况下，MoS 纳米片抑制了 的生长。总之，MoS 纳米片引发了细胞和非细胞的抗菌作用，并且我们提供了 MoS 具有亚硝酸盐还原酶样特性的证据。
