Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2023 Oct 17;38(5):915-926. doi: 10.11607/jomi.10197.
To evaluate the survival and success rates of short (> 6 mm and ≤ 8.5 mm) implants after at least 2 years of functional loading. Implants were assessed using clinical parameters such as marginal bone loss (MBL), pocket depth (PD), keratinized mucosa width (KMW), bleeding on probing (BoP), and the peri-implant condition (mucositis or peri-implantitis). Any correlations between clinical parameters were analyzed.
This observational and retrospective study included 114 posterior maxillary and mandibular implants placed in 27 women and 38 men with a mean age of 68.04 ± 9.07 years. Patients included in the study had received at least one short implant between 2001 and 2013, such that each implant was in occlusal function for at least 2 years by 2015. Patients with only long (≥ 10 mm) implants, patients with any systemic condition, and smokers were excluded from the study. PD, KMW, peri-implant condition, BoP, and MBL were the clinical parameters assessed in the study. Data on prosthesis type (single or splinted) and implant features were also obtained. All data were submitted to analysis via Mann-Whitney unpaired test, with a significance level of P < .05. Spearman correlation coefficient was also measured to verify the negative or positive correlation.
The mean follow-up time was 74.08 months, and mean implant success and survival rates were 87.63% and 94.74%, respectively. There were 6 implant failures (5.26%). A total of 66 (59.46%) prostheses were screw-retained implant-supported restorations, and 45 (40.54%) were cemented. A total of 93 (86.49%) short implants were splinted to another implant, and 15 out of 111 (13.51%) restorations were single implants. Keratinized mucosa was missing around 43 (39%) implants, whereas PD was measured to be between 0 and 3 mm in 64.86% of implants and ≥ 4 mm in 31.53% of implants. MBL was ≤ 1.5 mm in 71.17% of cases and > two-thirds the length of the implant in 2.71% of cases. Mucositis and peri-implantitis were found in 22.52% and 7.21% of implants, respectively. The correlation coefficient showed a positive result for PD and MBL (0.11; P = .368) and negative results for PD and KMW (-0.42; P = .002) and KMW and MBL (-0.19; P = .183).
Within the limitations of this study, it is possible to conclude that short implants are a feasible treatment option for dental rehabilitation. They are considered an excellent alternative to complex procedures and have high survival rates after at least 2 years of follow-up, with compatible peri-implant local tissue response. Moreover, a significant negative correlation between KMW and PD was observed.
评估至少 2 年功能负荷后短于（> 6 毫米且≤ 8.5 毫米）种植体的存活率和成功率。使用临床参数（如边缘骨丧失[MBL]、探诊深度[PD]、角化黏膜宽度[KMW]、探诊出血[BoP]和种植体周围状况[黏膜炎或种植体周围炎]）评估种植体。分析了临床参数之间的任何相关性。
本观察性和回顾性研究纳入了 27 名女性和 38 名男性共 114 例后牙区上颌和下颌短种植体，平均年龄为 68.04 ± 9.07 岁。纳入研究的患者在 2001 年至 2013 年间至少接受过一次短种植体治疗，到 2015 年，每个种植体的功能负荷至少达到 2 年。研究排除了仅植入长（≥ 10 毫米）种植体、有任何系统性疾病和吸烟者的患者。评估了 PD、KMW、种植体周围状况、BoP 和 MBL 等临床参数。还获得了义齿类型（单颗或多颗种植体联合修复）和种植体特征的数据。所有数据均通过 Mann-Whitney 非配对检验进行分析，显著性水平为 P <.05。还测量了 Spearman 相关系数以验证负相关或正相关。
平均随访时间为 74.08 个月，种植体的平均成功率和存活率分别为 87.63%和 94.74%。有 6 例种植体失败（5.26%）。共有 66 例（59.46%）采用螺丝固位的种植体支持修复体，45 例（40.54%）采用粘结固位。共有 93 例（86.49%）短种植体联合另一个种植体，15 例（13.51%）修复体为单颗种植体。43 例（39%）种植体周围缺失角化黏膜，64.86%的种植体 PD 为 0 至 3 毫米，31.53%的种植体 PD≥4 毫米。71.17%的种植体 MBL≤1.5 毫米，2.71%的种植体 MBL>种植体长度的 2/3。22.52%和 7.21%的种植体分别出现黏膜炎和种植体周围炎。相关系数显示 PD 和 MBL 呈正相关（0.11；P =.368），PD 和 KMW 呈负相关（-0.42；P =.002），KMW 和 MBL 呈负相关（-0.19；P =.183）。
在本研究的限制范围内，可以得出结论，短种植体是一种可行的牙科修复治疗选择。它们被认为是复杂手术的绝佳替代方案，在至少 2 年的随访后具有较高的存活率，且种植体周围组织反应良好。此外，还观察到 KMW 和 PD 之间存在显著的负相关。
