Valladares García Ana Paola, Desiderio Francesca, Simeone Rosanna, Ravaglia Stefano, Ciorba Roberto, Fricano Agostino, Guerra Davide, Blanco Antonio, Cattivelli Luigi, Mazzucotelli Elisabetta
Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana (COMAV), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Fiorenzuola d'Arda, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 2;14:1253385. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1253385. eCollection 2023.
Durum wheat breeding relies on grain yield improvement to meet its upcoming demand while coping with climate change. Kernel size and shape are the determinants of thousand kernel weight (TKW), which is a key component of grain yield, and the understanding of the genetic control behind these traits supports the progress in yield potential. The present study aimed to dissect the genetic network responsible for kernel size components (length, width, perimeter, and area) and kernel shape traits (width-to-length ratio and formcoefficient) as well as their relationships with kernel weight, plant height, and heading date in durum wheat. Quantitative Trait Locus (QTL) mapping was performed on a segregating population of 110 recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between the domesticated emmer wheat accession MG5323 and the durum wheat . Latino, evaluated in four different environments. A total of 24 QTLs stable across environments were found and further grouped in nine clusters on chromosomes 2A, 2B, 3A, 3B, 4B, 6B, and 7A. Among them, a QTL cluster on chromosome 4B was associated with kernel size traits and TKW, where the parental MG5323 contributed the favorable alleles, highlighting its potential to improve durum wheat germplasm. The physical positions of the clusters, defined by the projection on the reference genome, overlapped with already known genes (i.e., 1 on chromosome 4B). These results might provide genome-based guidance for the efficient exploitation of emmer wheat diversity in wheat breeding, possibly through yield-related molecular markers.
硬粒小麦育种依靠提高籽粒产量来满足未来需求，同时应对气候变化。粒大小和形状是千粒重（TKW）的决定因素，千粒重是籽粒产量的关键组成部分，了解这些性状背后的遗传控制有助于提高产量潜力。本研究旨在剖析控制硬粒小麦粒大小组成部分（长度、宽度、周长和面积）和粒形状性状（宽长比和形状系数）的遗传网络，以及它们与粒重、株高和抽穗期的关系。对由驯化的二粒小麦种质MG5323与硬粒小麦Latino杂交产生的110个重组自交系分离群体进行了数量性状位点（QTL）定位，并在四个不同环境中进行了评估。共发现24个在不同环境中稳定的QTL，并进一步在2A、2B、3A、3B、4B、6B和7A染色体上分为9个簇。其中，4B染色体上的一个QTL簇与粒大小性状和TKW相关，亲本MG5323贡献了有利等位基因，突出了其改良硬粒小麦种质的潜力。由参考基因组上的投影定义的簇的物理位置与已知基因（即4B染色体上的1个）重叠。这些结果可能为小麦育种中有效利用二粒小麦多样性提供基于基因组的指导，可能通过与产量相关的分子标记。
