Dahl Sarah-Alica, Seifert Jana, Camarinha-Silva Amélia, Hernández-Arriaga Angélica, Windisch Wilhelm, König Andreas
Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Chair of Animal Nutrition and Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Oct 2;14:1238744. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1238744. eCollection 2023.
As an inhabitant of the Alps, chamois are exposed to significant climatic changes throughout the year and are also strongly confronted with changing forage availability. Besides horizontal and vertical migratory movements as an adaptation, it undergoes physiological transformations and dynamic changes in the ruminal microbiota. The following study used 48 chamois of different ages and genders to investigate to which extent the ingested food plants, the resulting crude nutrients in the rumen (reticulorumen) contents, and the bacterial microbiota in the rumen and their fermentation products were influenced by the changes over the seasons. Very little is known about the microbiota of wild ruminants, and many bacterial taxa could only be determined to certain taxonomic levels in this study. However, adapted microbiota reflects the significant changes in the ingested forage and the resulting crude nutrients. For some taxa, our results indicated potential functional relationships. In addition, 15 genera were identified, representing almost 90% of the relative abundance, forming the central part of the microbial community throughout the year. The successful and flexible adaptation of chamois is reflected in the chamois rumen's nutrient and microbial profile. This is also the first study that analyzes the microbiota of the chamois using rumen samples and considers the microbiota in a seasonal comparison.
作为阿尔卑斯山的栖息动物，岩羚羊全年都面临着显著的气候变化，并且还强烈地面临着草料供应的变化。除了作为一种适应方式的水平和垂直迁徙运动外，它还经历生理转变以及瘤胃微生物群的动态变化。以下研究使用了48只不同年龄和性别的岩羚羊，来调查摄入的食用植物、瘤胃（网胃-瘤胃）内容物中产生的粗养分、瘤胃中的细菌微生物群及其发酵产物在多大程度上受到季节变化的影响。关于野生反刍动物的微生物群知之甚少，并且在本研究中许多细菌分类群只能确定到特定的分类水平。然而，适应性微生物群反映了摄入草料和产生的粗养分的显著变化。对于一些分类群，我们的结果表明了潜在的功能关系。此外，鉴定出了15个属，它们占相对丰度的近90%，构成了全年微生物群落的核心部分。岩羚羊成功而灵活地适应体现在岩羚羊瘤胃的养分和微生物特征上。这也是第一项使用瘤胃样本分析岩羚羊微生物群并在季节性比较中考虑微生物群的研究。
