DiEuliis Diane
National Defense University, Fort McNair, Washington, DC, USA.
Biodes Res. 2022 May 25;2022:9809058. doi: 10.34133/2022/9809058. eCollection 2022.
Advancing biotechnologies are revolutionizing not only health and medicine, but also many different sectors such as agriculture, energy, chemistry, and textiles. As synthetic biology is leveraged as a programmable platform for the creation and biodesign of high-value biological medicines, foods, and commodities, the world is facing new territory in terms of ensuring the safety and security of both novel and engineered biological organisms, as well as the biological and digital platforms in which they are designed. Biosecurity practices and policies have traditionally revolved around preventing the misuse of biological pathogens, primarily through controlling access to pathogens. The advent of biodesign capabilities, such as gene editors, gene synthesis capabilities, and genetic engineering, requires a reevaluation of traditional biosecurity policies to mitigate risks associated with such engineering of biological entities. Here, features of "Biosecurity by Design" approaches are described, including the application of risk/benefit analysis and risk mitigation, post-COVID opportunities, and ethical global norms in the progression of biodesign and growing bioeconomies.
不断发展的生物技术不仅正在变革健康与医学领域，还在农业、能源、化学和纺织等许多不同行业引发变革。随着合成生物学被用作创造和生物设计高价值生物药物、食品及商品的可编程平台，在确保新型和工程化生物有机体以及它们所设计的生物和数字平台的安全与保障方面，世界正面临新的领域。传统上，生物安全实践和政策主要围绕防止生物病原体的滥用，主要是通过控制对病原体的获取来实现。基因编辑、基因合成能力和基因工程等生物设计能力的出现，要求重新评估传统生物安全政策，以降低与此类生物实体工程相关的风险。本文描述了“设计中的生物安全”方法的特点，包括风险/收益分析和风险缓解的应用、后新冠时代的机遇，以及生物设计发展和生物经济增长过程中的全球伦理规范。
