Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 1 Hankin St, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Biochem J. 2023 Oct 31;480(20):1639-1657. doi: 10.1042/BCJ20230279.
Mitophagy, the autophagic breakdown of mitochondria, is observed in eukaryotic cells under various different physiological circumstances. These can be broadly categorized into two types: mitophagy related to quality control events and mitophagy induced during developmental transitions. Quality control mitophagy involves the lysosomal or vacuolar degradation of malfunctioning or superfluous mitochondria within lysosomes or vacuoles, and this is thought to serve as a vital maintenance function in respiring eukaryotic cells. It plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance, and its disruption has been associated with the progression of late-onset diseases. Developmentally induced mitophagy has been reported in the differentiation of metazoan tissues which undergo metabolic shifts upon developmental transitions, such as in the differentiation of red blood cells and muscle cells. Although the mechanistic studies of mitophagy in mammalian cells were initiated after the initial mechanistic findings in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, our current understanding of the physiological role of mitophagy in yeast remains more limited, despite the presence of better-defined assays and tools. In this review, I present my perspective on our present knowledge of mitophagy in yeast, focusing on physiological and mechanistic aspects. I aim to focus on areas where our understanding is still incomplete, such as the role of mitochondrial dynamics and the phenomenon of protein-level selectivity.
在各种不同的生理情况下,真核细胞中都会观察到自噬性线粒体的分解,即线粒体自噬。这些情况可以大致分为两类:与质量控制事件相关的线粒体自噬和发育转变过程中诱导的线粒体自噬。质量控制的线粒体自噬涉及到功能失调或多余的线粒体在溶酶体或液泡中通过溶酶体或液泡的降解,这被认为是呼吸真核细胞中一种重要的维持功能。它在维持生理平衡方面起着至关重要的作用,其破坏与晚期疾病的进展有关。在多细胞组织的分化过程中已经报道了发育诱导的线粒体自噬,这些组织在发育转变过程中经历代谢转变,例如红细胞和肌肉细胞的分化。尽管哺乳动物细胞中线粒体自噬的机制研究是在酿酒酵母最初的机制发现之后开始的,但尽管存在更好定义的测定和工具,我们对酵母中线粒体自噬的生理作用的理解仍然更为有限。在这篇综述中,我介绍了我对酵母中线粒体自噬的现有认识,重点关注生理和机制方面。我旨在关注我们理解仍不完整的领域,例如线粒体动力学的作用和蛋白质水平选择性的现象。