Dengjel Jörn, Abeliovich Hagai
Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Habsburgerstr. 49, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Cell Tissue Res. 2017 Jan;367(1):95-109. doi: 10.1007/s00441-016-2472-0. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
The autophagic degradation of mitochondria, or mitophagy, has been shown to occur in eukaryotic cells under various physiological conditions. Broadly, these fall into two categories: quality-control related mitophagy and developmentally induced mitophagy. Quality-control related mitophagy, which is the lysosomal/vacuolar degradation of malfunctioning or superfluous mitochondria, is an important housekeeping function in respiring eukaryotic cells. It plays an essential role in physiological homeostasis and its deregulation has been linked to the progression of late-onset diseases. On the other hand, developmental processes such as reticulocyte maturation have also been shown to involve mitophagy. Importantly, there are clear differences between these processes. Unlike our knowledge of the more general degradation of soluble cytosolic content during starvation-induced macroautophagy, the mechanisms involved in the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria have only recently begun to receive significant attention. Here, we review the current literature on these topics and proceed to provide specific examples from yeast and mammalian systems. Finally, we cover experimental approaches, with a focus on proteomic methods dedicated to the study of mitophagy in different systems.
线粒体的自噬性降解，即线粒体自噬，已被证明在各种生理条件下的真核细胞中都会发生。大致来说，这些情况可分为两类：与质量控制相关的线粒体自噬和发育诱导的线粒体自噬。与质量控制相关的线粒体自噬是对功能异常或多余线粒体的溶酶体/液泡降解，是呼吸真核细胞中一项重要的看家功能。它在生理稳态中起着至关重要的作用，其失调与迟发性疾病的进展有关。另一方面，诸如网织红细胞成熟等发育过程也已被证明涉及线粒体自噬。重要的是，这些过程之间存在明显差异。与我们对饥饿诱导的巨自噬过程中可溶性胞质内容物更普遍降解的了解不同，线粒体选择性自噬性降解所涉及的机制直到最近才开始受到广泛关注。在这里，我们综述了关于这些主题的当前文献，并从酵母和哺乳动物系统中给出具体例子。最后，我们介绍实验方法，重点是致力于研究不同系统中线粒体自噬的蛋白质组学方法。
