RMIT University, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria.
Edith Cowan University, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Joondalup, Western Australia.
J Hypertens. 2024 Feb 1;42(2):197-204. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003594. Epub 2023 Oct 11.
The acute and long-term benefits of exercise on cardiovascular health are well established, yet the optimal mode of exercise training that improves arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the influence of aerobic and resistance training on arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. After an extensive search of four online databases, six randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta-analyses. Data were extracted from six studies examining the influence of exercise on arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and were expressed as standardized mean difference (SMD). Whereas aerobic exercise significantly reduced arterial PWV in women with high blood pressure after long-term training [SMD -1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) -2.34 to -1.40], resistance training had a more modest effect that was borderline statistically significant (SMD -0.31, 95% CI -0.65 to 0.03). These findings suggest regular long-term aerobic exercise training (i.e. 12-20 week interventions) reduces arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. Although not statistically significant, the modest number of included trials and lack of publication bias encourages further assessments on the efficacy of resistance exercise for improving arterial stiffness in women with high blood pressure. Given the unique benefits of aerobic and resistance training, particularly for postmenopausal women (e.g. bone health and muscular strength), both modes of training should be encouraged for women with high blood pressure to enhance arterial function and support favorable cardiovascular outcomes.
运动对心血管健康的急性和长期益处已得到充分证实，然而，改善高血压女性动脉僵硬的最佳运动训练模式仍不清楚。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是评估有氧运动和抗阻训练对高血压女性动脉僵硬的影响。经过对四个在线数据库的广泛搜索，符合纳入标准并纳入荟萃分析的有六项随机对照试验。从六项研究中提取了关于运动对动脉僵硬影响的数据，动脉僵硬通过脉搏波速度（PWV）评估，并表示为标准化均数差（SMD）。虽然有氧运动在长期训练后显著降低了高血压女性的动脉 PWV[SMD-1.87，95%置信区间（CI）-2.34 至-1.40]，但抗阻运动的效果较小，且具有边缘统计学意义（SMD-0.31，95%CI-0.65 至 0.03）。这些发现表明，定期进行长期有氧运动训练（即 12-20 周的干预）可降低高血压女性的动脉僵硬程度。尽管没有统计学意义，但纳入试验的数量较少且没有发表偏倚，鼓励进一步评估抗阻运动对改善高血压女性动脉僵硬的疗效。鉴于有氧运动和抗阻运动的独特益处，特别是对绝经后女性（如骨骼健康和肌肉力量），应鼓励高血压女性进行这两种运动模式，以增强动脉功能并支持有利的心血管结局。
