LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia.
LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia.
Environ Res. 2023 Dec 15;239(Pt 2):117391. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117391. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Environmental discharge of wastewater represents a source of chemical and biological pollutants. This study firstly evaluates the microbiological and physicochemical quality of treated wastewaters collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in two different Tunisian cities namely Sidi Bouzid (SB) and Gafsa (G). Then, the capacity of three raw and acid/base-activated local clays to enhance the quality of wastewaters was assessed. The results indicate that the quantities of enteric bacteria (oscillating from 1.381 × 10 to 1.4 × 10 CFU/100 mL), fungi (between 1.331 × 10 and 1.781 × 10 CFU/100 mL), as well as SARS-CoV-2 (between 4.25 × 10 and 5.05 × 10 CFU/100 mL) and Hepatitis A virus RNA (form 4.25 × 10 to 7.4 × 10 CFU/100 mL) detected in effluent wastewaters were not in compliance with the Tunisian standards for both studied WWTPs. Likewise for other indicators such as electrical conductivity (ranging 4.9-5.4 mS/cm), suspended matter (145-160 g l), chemical oxygen demand (123-160 mg l), biological oxygen demand 5 (172-195 mg l), chloride, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and phosphorus contents (710, 58-66 and 9.47-10.83 mg l respectively), the registered values do not agree with the set standards established for wastewater treatment. On the other hand, the pH values fitted (oscillating from 6.86 (at G) to 7.24 (at SB) with the Tunisian standards for both WWTPs. After treatment, wastewaters showed better values for the microbiological parameters, especially for the clays designed as AM and HJ1, which eliminated 100% of viruses. In addition, when acid-activated AM clays were applied, a marked improvement in the quality of physicochemical parameters was obtained, especially for suspended matter (2 and 4 g l for SB and G, respectively), TKN (5.2 (SB) and 6.40 (G) mg/l), phosphorus (1.01 (SB) and 0.81 (G) mg/l). Our results open perspectives for the possibility of efficiently using these specific clays in the enhancement of the quality of treated wastewaters.
废水的环境排放是化学和生物污染物的来源。本研究首先评估了来自两个位于突尼斯两个不同城市的废水处理厂（WWTP）的处理废水的微生物学和理化质量，这两个城市分别是西迪布济德（SB）和盖夫萨（G）。然后，评估了三种原始和酸碱激活的当地粘土提高废水质量的能力。结果表明，肠道细菌数量（在 1.381×10 到 1.4×10 CFU/100 mL 之间）、真菌（在 1.331×10 和 1.781×10 CFU/100 mL 之间）、SARS-CoV-2（在 4.25×10 和 5.05×10 CFU/100 mL 之间）和甲型肝炎病毒 RNA（在 4.25×10 到 7.4×10 CFU/100 mL 之间）在废水处理厂的出水废水中检测到的病毒数量不符合突尼斯对这两个研究 WWTP 的标准。同样对于其他指标，如电导率（在 4.9-5.4 mS/cm 之间）、悬浮物（145-160 g/L）、化学需氧量（123-160 mg/L）、五日生化需氧量 5（172-195 mg/L）、氯化物、总凯氏氮（TKN）和磷含量（分别为 710、58-66 和 9.47-10.83 mg/L），登记值与为废水处理设定的标准不符。另一方面，pH 值符合标准（在 G 处为 6.86（在 G 处为 7.24），符合两个 WWTP 的突尼斯标准。处理后，废水的微生物学参数值更好，特别是 AM 和 HJ1 两种粘土，可消除 100%的病毒。此外，当应用酸激活的 AM 粘土时，获得了理化参数质量的显著改善，特别是对于悬浮物（SB 和 G 分别为 2 和 4 g/L）、TKN（SB 为 5.2 和 G 为 6.40 mg/L）和磷（SB 为 1.01 和 G 为 0.81 mg/L）。我们的结果为有效利用这些特定粘土来提高处理后废水的质量提供了前景。
