School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Gait Posture. 2024 Jan;107:233-239. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.010. Epub 2023 Oct 10.
While several studies have explored the impacts of smartphone usage on postural balance, their tasks are limited to texting or calling, and the studies were performed on rigid ground.
METHODS: Sixteen healthy young adults were recruited to perform two smartphone tasks: taking selfies and posting statuses on social media; participants were standing on four different grounds: rigid, foam-based compliant, robot-simulated compliant, and robot-simulated oscillatory grounds. The center-of-pressure (CoP) under each foot was recorded via force plates and the net CoP was calculated. Temporal, spatial, and control aspects of postural balance were analyzed by virtual time-to-contact (VTC), CoP path length (PL) and sway area (SA), and switching rate (SR), respectively. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests were performed for each dependent variable to compare the mean differences between smartphone tasks and ground conditions and their interaction effect. Paired t-tests with Bonferroni correction were used to determine significant differences in post-hoc analyses.
VTC decreased significantly whereas CoP PL and SA increased significantly during smartphone usage (all p-values <0.001). Interaction effects between task and ground condition (all p-values <0.001) were observed in all measures but SR, implying that the effect of smartphone usage on postural balance can significantly change depending on the ground condition.
These results highlight the potential fall risks due to the impact of modern smartphone usage on standing balance. Understanding the effect of smartphone usage on standing balance and the interaction effect with various ground conditions opens the door for potential balance assistive devices and mobile phone applications to minimize falls.
虽然已有多项研究探讨了智能手机使用对姿势平衡的影响，但这些研究的任务仅限于发送短信或打电话，且研究都是在刚性地面上进行的。
方法：招募了 16 名健康的年轻人，让他们完成两项智能手机任务：自拍和在社交媒体上发布状态；参与者分别站在四种不同的地面上：刚性地面、基于泡沫的柔顺地面、机器人模拟柔顺地面和机器人模拟振荡地面。通过力板记录每个脚的中心压力（CoP），并计算净 CoP。通过虚拟时间到接触（VTC）、CoP 路径长度（PL）和摆动面积（SA）以及切换率（SR）分别分析姿势平衡的时间、空间和控制方面。对每个因变量进行双向重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）测试，以比较智能手机任务和地面条件之间的均值差异及其交互作用。使用配对 t 检验和 Bonferroni 校正进行事后分析，以确定差异的显著性。
在使用智能手机时，VTC 显著降低，而 CoP PL 和 SA 显著增加（所有 p 值均<0.001）。任务和地面条件之间的交互作用（所有 p 值均<0.001）在所有测量中均可见，但 SR 除外，这意味着智能手机使用对姿势平衡的影响会根据地面条件的不同而显著改变。
这些结果强调了由于现代智能手机使用对站立平衡的影响而导致潜在跌倒风险。了解智能手机使用对站立平衡的影响以及与各种地面条件的交互作用为潜在的平衡辅助设备和移动电话应用程序打开了大门，可以最大程度地减少跌倒。
