Department of Pediatric Allergy, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity and Children Research and Training Hospital, Ankara.
Department of Pediatric Allergy, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye.
Turk J Pediatr. 2023;65(5):709-718. doi: 10.24953/turkjped.2023.223.
The incidence of food allergies is increasing all over the world. Prevention strategies intend to reduce food sensitization risk and subsequent allergies. In this review, we will discuss the recent data concerning different geographic regions for the prevention of food allergies in children.
This review provides recommendations for the prevention of food allergies based on the recent data available in the PUBMED database in English (up to December 2022).
The best strategy to prevent food allergies is regarded as the early introduction of allergenic foods to an infants diet. A healthy and diverse diet is recommended for infants and their mothers, in accordance with the familys eating habits and regional food culture, rather than avoiding certain foods or using supplements. Avoiding common food allergens in the maternal diet during pregnancy and/or breastfeeding is not recommended. Exclusive breastfeeding is generally recommended for all mothers for at least 6 months. There is no specific association between exclusive breastfeeding and the primary prevention of any specific food allergy. Where a breastmilk substitute is needed, the best alternative should be chosen according to the infant`s nutritional needs. There is no substantial evidence to support the use of hydrolyzed or soy formula in infancy against food allergies or sensitization.
Feeding patterns in infancy play an important role in the risk of developing food allergies. Existing strategies to prevent allergies are relatively ineffective and further research is needed to figure out strategies for food allergy prevention, particularly in high-risk infants.
世界各地的食物过敏发病率正在上升。预防策略旨在降低食物致敏风险和随后的过敏风险。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论针对儿童食物过敏预防的不同地理区域的最新数据。
本综述根据截至 2022 年 12 月在英文 PUBMED 数据库中可用的最新数据，就预防食物过敏提供了建议。
预防食物过敏的最佳策略被认为是早期将致敏食物引入婴儿饮食。建议为婴儿及其母亲提供健康和多样化的饮食，符合家庭的饮食习惯和地区的食物文化，而不是避免某些食物或使用补充剂。不建议在怀孕期间和/或母乳喂养期间避免母亲饮食中的常见食物过敏原。一般建议所有母亲至少进行 6 个月的纯母乳喂养。纯母乳喂养与预防任何特定食物过敏的原发性没有特定关联。如果需要母乳代用品，则应根据婴儿的营养需求选择最佳替代品。没有充分的证据支持在婴儿期使用水解或大豆配方来预防食物过敏或致敏。
婴儿期的喂养模式在食物过敏风险中起着重要作用。现有的过敏预防策略效果相对较差，需要进一步研究以确定食物过敏预防策略，特别是在高风险婴儿中。
