Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2023 Nov 2;61(11):1001-1010. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20230710-00445.
To understand the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of common bacteria from children aged 0-14 years from China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System. Bacterial resistance data of 2 575 040 strains from children aged 0-14 years were extracted from the national bacterial resistance surveillance reports from October 2018 to September 2022 and resistance changes were further analyzed by comparing with all data in each year. The total number of bacteria isolated from children in 2018-2022 ranged from 415 306-588 016 strains, accounted for 15.9% (514 193/3 234 372), 16.2% (572 107/3 528 471), 12.8% (415 306/3 249 123), 13.0% (485 418/3 743 027), and 12.2% (588 016/4 828 509), respectively. The proportions of gram-positive bacteria among children were 45.4% (233 456/514 193), 44.5% (254 869/572 107), 44.7% (185 756/415 306), 42.6% (206 903/485 418), and 41.7% (245 044/588 016), respectively. The top five isolates of gram-positive bacteria were (36.0%-38.8%), (27.1%-31.7%), (7.3%-9.3%), (4.0%-4.8%), and (2.5%-3.6%), and the top five isolates of gram-negative bacteria were (21.8%-26.2%), (14.4%-26.4%), (10.1%-14.7%), (7.3%-11.9%), and (5.5%-6.8%). The bacteria from children aged 0-14 years commonly isolated from sputum samples (48.8%-57.0%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant was 28.7%-30.1%. The detection rates of vancomycin-resistant or were 0.1%-0.3%. The proportions of non-cerebrospinal fluid-derived penicillin-resistant were 0.7%-1.6%. The prevalence of cefotaxime and (or) ceftriaxone-resistant and decreased were 43.7%-50.0% and 31.8%-42.7%, respectively. The resistant rates of to imipenem and meropenem were 1.2%-1.9% and 1.2%-2.0%, respectively, and the resistant rates of to imipenem and meropenem were 7.3%-10.1% and 8.2%-12.2%, respectively. About 6.6%-10.2% and 5.3%-9.6% of the isolates showed resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively, while 17.2%-24.0% and 19.0%-29.4% of the isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem, respectively. There is no significant change in the composition of common clinical pathogens in children aged 0-14 years from 2018 to 2022. The prevalence of some resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant is decreasing. However, it is necessary to pay attention to antimicrobial resistance of bacteria from children and long-term monitoring of the prevalence of resistant bacteria should be conducted.
了解中国抗菌药物耐药性监测系统中0至14岁儿童常见细菌的分布及耐药情况。从2018年10月至2022年9月的全国细菌耐药性监测报告中提取了2575040株0至14岁儿童的细菌耐药数据，并通过与每年的所有数据进行比较，进一步分析耐药性变化。2018 - 2022年从儿童中分离出的细菌总数在415306 - 588016株之间，分别占15.9%（514193/3234372）、16.2%（572107/3528471）、12.8%（415306/3249123）、13.0%（485418/3743027）和12.2%（588016/4828509）。儿童中革兰氏阳性菌的比例分别为45.4%（233456/514193）、44.5%（254869/572107）、44.7%（185756/415306）、42.6%（206903/485418）和41.7%（245044/588016）。革兰氏阳性菌的前五位分离菌分别为（36.0% - 38.8%）、（27.1% - 31.7%）、（7.3% - 9.3%）、（4.0% - 4.8%）和（2.5% - 3.6%），革兰氏阴性菌的前五位分离菌分别为（21.8% - 26.2%）、（14.4% - 26.4%）、（10.1% - 14.7%）、（7.3% - 11.9%）和（5.5% - 6.8%）。0至14岁儿童的细菌通常从痰液样本中分离得到（48.8% - 57.0%）。耐甲氧西林的患病率为28.7% - 30.1%。耐万古霉素的或的检出率为0.1% - 0.3%。非脑脊液来源的耐青霉素的比例为0.7% - 1.6%。耐头孢噻肟和（或）头孢曲松的和的患病率分别下降了43.7% - 50.0%和31.8% - 42.7%。对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为1.2% - 1.9%和1.2% - 2.0%，对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率分别为7.3% - 10.1%和8.2% - 12.2%。约6.6% - 10.2%的分离株对亚胺培南耐药，5.3% - 9.6%的分离株对美罗培南耐药，而17.2% - 24.0%的分离株对亚胺培南耐药，19.0% - 29.4%的分离株对美罗培南耐药。2018年至2022年，0至14岁儿童常见临床病原体的组成没有显著变化。一些耐药菌如耐甲氧西林和耐碳青霉烯的患病率正在下降。然而，有必要关注儿童细菌的抗菌药物耐药性，并应对耐药菌的患病率进行长期监测。
