University Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Technology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492010, (C.G.), India.
Department of Pharmacy, Shri Govindram Seksariya Institute of Technology & Science (SGSITS), 23-Park Road, Indore, 452003 (M.P.), India.
Curr Diabetes Rev. 2024;20(6):e171023222282. doi: 10.2174/0115733998240053231009060654.
In recent years, various conventional formulations have been used for the treatment and/or management of ocular medical conditions. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular disease of the retina, remains the leading cause of visual disability in patients with diabetes. Currently, for treating diabetic retinopathy, only intraocular, intravitreal, periocular injections, and laser photocoagulation are widely used. Frequent administration of these drugs by injections may lead to serious complications, including retinal detachment and endophthalmitis. Although conventional ophthalmic formulations like eye drops, ointments, and suspensions are available globally, these formulations fail to achieve optimum drug therapeutic profile due to immediate nasolacrimal drainage, rapid tearing, and systemic tearing toxicity of the drugs. To achieve better therapeutic outcomes with prolonged release of the therapeutic agents, nano-drug delivery materials have been investigated. These nanocarriers include nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), dendrimers, nanofibers, in-situ gel, vesicular carriers, niosomes, and mucoadhesive systems, among others. The nanocarriers carry the potential benefits of site-specific delivery and controlled and sustained drug release profile. In the present article, various nanomaterials explored for treating diabetic retinopathy are reviewed.
近年来，各种常规制剂已被用于眼部疾病的治疗和/或管理。糖尿病视网膜病变是一种视网膜的微血管疾病，仍然是糖尿病患者视力丧失的主要原因。目前，治疗糖尿病视网膜病变主要采用眼内、玻璃体内、眼周注射和激光光凝等方法。这些药物频繁注射可能会导致严重的并发症，包括视网膜脱离和眼内炎。虽然全球都有眼药水、眼膏和混悬剂等常规眼科制剂，但由于药物立即经鼻泪管排出、快速流泪和全身流泪毒性，这些制剂无法达到最佳的药物治疗效果。为了通过延长治疗剂的释放来获得更好的治疗效果，已经研究了纳米药物递送材料。这些纳米载体包括纳米粒、固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）、纳米结构脂质载体（NLC）、树枝状大分子、纳米纤维、原位凝胶、囊泡载体、类脂体和黏膜黏附系统等。这些纳米载体具有靶向给药和控制及持续药物释放的潜在优势。本文综述了用于治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的各种纳米材料。
