Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
J Environ Radioact. 2023 Dec;270:107313. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107313. Epub 2023 Oct 17.
Radioactive hot particle is the particulate form of nuclear material that exists in the environment. The U, Pu, Am, Cs, and other radionuclides isotope in the hot particle contain abundant and accurate fingerprint information, such as the origin and age of the nuclear material. The acquisition and analysis of the key information in the hot particle can be equivalent to the analysis of bulk nuclear material, which could directly reflect the real situation of nuclear activities. Therefore, the single particle analysis of hot particles has become an irreplaceable key technology in nuclear safeguards inspection. The rapid identification, screening, locating, and accurate isotope analysis of hot particles from a large number of particles dispersed in environmental media or on the surface of other materials are one of the most important research field in nuclear emergency. In this review, the research process of the analytical methods for hot particles in the last decade was summarized, including the physical character of hot particles, and the techniques of localization, screening, and extraction of hot particles. Furthermore, we also focused on the mass spectrometry technology for the analysis of hot particle. The advantages and disadvantages of the most used mass spectrometry were summarized. Finally, the research trend for hot particle analysis methods was proposed.
放射性热点粒子是存在于环境中的核物质的颗粒形式。热点粒子中的 U、Pu、Am、Cs 和其他放射性核素同位素含有丰富且准确的指纹信息，例如核材料的来源和年龄。获取和分析热点粒子中的关键信息可等效于对块状核材料的分析，这可以直接反映核活动的真实情况。因此，对热点粒子的单颗粒分析已成为核保障检查中不可或缺的关键技术。从环境介质中或其他材料表面分散的大量粒子中快速识别、筛选、定位和准确分析同位素热点粒子，是核应急中最重要的研究领域之一。在这篇综述中，总结了过去十年中热点粒子分析方法的研究过程，包括热点粒子的物理特性以及热点粒子的定位、筛选和提取技术。此外，我们还重点关注了用于分析热点粒子的质谱技术。总结了最常用的质谱技术的优缺点。最后，提出了热点粒子分析方法的研究趋势。
