Maresca J G, Stringari S
Nurse Pract. 1986 Nov;11(11):15-8, 21, 24-8.
Acute diarrheal illness (illness of less than two weeks' duration) accounts for numerous out-patient health care visits. This article provides an overview of the most common causes of acute diarrhea and presents a comprehensive approach to patient evaluation, diagnosis and management. A detailed outline of bacterial, viral, parasitic and travelers' diarrheal disorders is presented. Dysentery (blood and mucus in the stool) represents an additional challenge to the health care provider. Salient historical data, physical assessment and laboratory considerations are reviewed. Management objectives including diet/fluid replacement, pharmacologic modalities and prophylaxis are described. Emphasis is given to patient education and the unique role of the nurse practitioner in assisting the patient through the assessment and management of this common, distressing problem.
急性腹泻病（病程少于两周）导致大量门诊医疗就诊。本文概述了急性腹泻最常见的病因，并提出了患者评估、诊断和管理的综合方法。文中详细列出了细菌性、病毒性、寄生虫性和旅行者腹泻疾病。痢疾（粪便中带血和黏液）给医疗服务提供者带来了额外挑战。回顾了重要的病史资料、体格检查和实验室检查要点。描述了包括饮食/液体补充、药物治疗方法和预防措施在内的管理目标。重点强调患者教育以及执业护士在协助患者评估和管理这一常见且令人痛苦的问题中所起的独特作用。
