Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, CERAS 524, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Stanford University, Graduate School of Education, CERAS 524, 485 Lasuen Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Soc Sci Res. 2023 Sep;115:102905. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102905. Epub 2023 Sep 15.
Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood has long been known to adversely affect children's academic achievement. Comparatively less is known about what happens to children's academic achievement when disadvantaged neighborhoods gentrify. This study uses data from a nationally representative sample of children from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (n = 1,163) along with counterfactual methods and a value-added design to examine how gentrification and residential displacement figure into children's academic achievement patterns. This study provides a formal mediation analysis that decomposes the total effect of gentrification on children's academic achievement into that which operates through residential displacement versus alternative pathways. This study finds that the effects of gentrification on children's achievement patterns were concentrated amongst low-income children and were observed most strongly when gentrifiers were White. Low-income children exposed to gentrification saw declines in their academic performance trajectories, especially in math. These adverse effects were not found to be mediated by residential displacement. A comprehensive set of sensitivity analyses indicates that results were robust to unobserved confounding, alternative model specifications, different weighting strategies, and multiple measures of gentrification and displacement.
长期以来，生活在贫困社区一直被认为会对儿童的学业成绩产生不利影响。相比之下，关于贫困社区 gentrify 时儿童学业成绩会发生什么变化的了解相对较少。本研究使用来自收入动态面板研究（n=1163）的全国代表性儿童样本数据以及反事实方法和增值设计，来研究 gentrification 和住宅搬迁如何影响儿童的学业成绩模式。本研究提供了一个正式的中介分析，将 gentrification 对儿童学业成绩的总效应分解为通过住宅搬迁和替代途径发挥作用的效应。本研究发现，gentrification 对儿童成绩模式的影响集中在低收入儿童中，并且在 gentrifiers 是白人时观察到的影响最为强烈。接触 gentrification 的低收入儿童的学业成绩轨迹下降，尤其是在数学方面。这些不利影响并未通过住宅搬迁来解释。一套全面的敏感性分析表明，结果对未观察到的混杂因素、替代模型规格、不同的加权策略以及 gentrification 和搬迁的多种衡量标准具有稳健性。
