Wu Erxi, Qi Dan, Nizamutdinov Damir, Huang Jason H
Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple; Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Temple; Texas A&M University School of Pharmacy, College Station; LIVESTRONG Cancer Institutes and Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, the University of Texas at Austin, Austin; Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Temple, TX, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery and Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USA.
Neural Regen Res. 2024 May;19(5):984-987. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.385287.
Neuron-astrocyte interactions are vital for the brain's connectome. Understanding astrocyte activities is crucial for comprehending the complex neural network, particularly the population-level functions of neurons in different cortical states and associated behaviors in mammals. Studies on animal sleep and wakefulness have revealed distinct cortical synchrony patterns between neurons. Astrocytes, outnumbering neurons by nearly fivefold, support and regulate neuronal and synaptic function. Recent research on astrocyte activation during cortical state transitions has emphasized the influence of norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter and calcium waves as key components of ion channel signaling. This summary focuses on a few recent studies investigating astrocyte-neuron interactions in mouse models during sleep, wakefulness, and arousal levels, exploring the involvement of noradrenaline signaling, ion channels, and glutamatergic signaling in different cortical states. These findings highlight the significant impact of astrocytes on large-scale neuronal networks, influencing brain activity and responsiveness. Targeting astrocytic signaling pathways shows promise for treating sleep disorders and arousal dysregulation. More research is needed to understand astrocytic calcium signaling in different brain regions and its implications for dysregulated brain states, requiring future human studies to comprehensively investigate neuron-astrocyte interactions and pave the way for therapeutic interventions in sleep- and arousal-related disorders.
神经元与星形胶质细胞的相互作用对大脑的连接组至关重要。了解星形胶质细胞的活动对于理解复杂的神经网络至关重要，尤其是对于哺乳动物不同皮质状态下神经元的群体水平功能以及相关行为。对动物睡眠和觉醒的研究揭示了神经元之间不同的皮质同步模式。星形胶质细胞的数量比神经元多出近五倍，它们支持并调节神经元和突触功能。最近关于皮质状态转换期间星形胶质细胞激活的研究强调了去甲肾上腺素作为神经递质的影响以及钙波作为离子通道信号传导的关键组成部分。本综述重点关注了一些最近的研究，这些研究在小鼠模型中研究了睡眠、觉醒和唤醒水平期间星形胶质细胞与神经元的相互作用，探讨了去甲肾上腺素信号传导、离子通道和谷氨酸能信号传导在不同皮质状态中的作用。这些发现突出了星形胶质细胞对大规模神经元网络的重大影响，影响大脑活动和反应性。靶向星形胶质细胞信号通路显示出治疗睡眠障碍和唤醒失调的前景。需要更多研究来了解不同脑区的星形胶质细胞钙信号传导及其对失调脑状态的影响，这需要未来的人体研究全面调查神经元与星形胶质细胞的相互作用，并为睡眠和唤醒相关疾病的治疗干预铺平道路。
