Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA.
Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92597, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2024 Feb;238:105799. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105799. Epub 2023 Oct 19.
Adolescents comprise a vulnerable population that is exposed to crime and also may be reluctant to disclose full details of their experiences. Little research has addressed effective ways of increasing their willingness to disclose and provide complete reports. Strategies that improve honesty and report completeness in other age groups have not been evaluated to determine whether they are similarly effective at increasing adolescents' reporting. In the current study, we tested whether rapport building techniques, modified from those commonly used with children and adults to address reasons why adolescents are likely reluctant, enhance the amount of detail adolescents provide about prior experiences. The participants, 14- to 19-year-olds (N = 125), completed an online questionnaire regarding significant events (e.g., big argument with family member) they experienced during the last 12 months. After a delay, they completed a remote interview asking them to recount details of one of the events. The interview began with either standard rapport building composed of largely yes/no questions about the adolescents' background or one of two expanded rapport building phases: open-ended (questions about the adolescents' backgrounds that required narrative answers) or enhanced (open-ended questions paired with the interviewer also sharing personal information). Although only adolescents in the standard condition showed age-related increases in information disclosed, overall adolescents in the enhanced condition provided significantly longer and more detailed narratives than adolescents in the other conditions. This effect was largest for the youngest adolescents, suggesting that mutual self-disclosure may be especially beneficial for eliciting honest complete reports from adolescents about salient prior experiences.
青少年是一个易受犯罪侵害的脆弱群体，他们可能也不愿意透露自己经历的全部细节。很少有研究探讨如何有效地提高他们自愿披露和提供完整报告的意愿。虽然提高其他年龄段诚实度和报告完整性的策略尚未经过评估，以确定它们是否同样能有效地增加青少年的报告率，但这些策略可能也适用于青少年。在当前的研究中，我们测试了建立融洽关系的技巧，这些技巧是从通常用于儿童和成人的技巧中修改而来的，目的是解决青少年可能不愿意透露信息的原因，以提高青少年对以往经历的详细描述程度。参与者为 14 至 19 岁的青少年（N=125），他们在线完成了一份关于过去 12 个月中他们经历的重大事件（例如，与家庭成员发生大争吵）的问卷。在延迟后，他们完成了一次远程访谈，要求他们详细描述其中一个事件的细节。访谈从标准的融洽关系建立开始，主要是关于青少年背景的是/否问题，或者两个扩展的融洽关系建立阶段之一：开放式（关于青少年背景的问题，需要叙述性回答）或增强式（开放式问题与访谈者分享个人信息相结合）。尽管只有在标准条件下的青少年表现出与年龄相关的信息披露增加，但在增强条件下的青少年提供的叙述总体上比其他条件下的青少年更长、更详细。对于最年轻的青少年来说，这种效果最大，这表明相互自我披露可能特别有助于从青少年那里获得关于重要先前经历的诚实完整报告。
