Heras-Sola J, Gallo-Vallejo J L
Nutrición Humana y Dietética, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves de Granada, Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, España.
Semergen. 2024 Jan-Feb;50(1):102089. doi: 10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102089. Epub 2023 Oct 18.
Pregnancy is one of the most important and difficult moments that a woman goes through throughout her life. It is a period of great need for macro and micronutrients to meet the demands of the developing fetus and avoid deficiencies, in order to obtain the best possible result. Nowadays, most women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant know the importance of getting the required amount of certain types of nutrients (proteins, fats, folate, etc.), as well as avoiding certain compounds (alcohol, tobacco, drugs, etc.) to avoid possible complications during pregnancy. In recent years, with the greatest scientific evidence available, it has been shown how some of these nutrients could have a more relevant role than previously believed in the optimal outcome of pregnancy. One of these nutrients being choline. Choline supplementation during pregnancy has been shown to be a non-pharmacological treatment capable of improving both physical (growth) and mental (memory) qualities of the new individual. Choline has been known as an essential nutrient since 1998 and several studies have shown its effectiveness in rodent models. The existence of recent publications that deal with its application in humans makes it necessary to carry out a systematic review. In this systematic review of the scientific evidence available from 2012 to the present that deals with the application of a higher intake of choline through supplementation as a treatment to improve pregnancy outcomes, its main objetive is to determine the effects that a nutritional intervention through choline supplementation in pregnant mothers can have on children's cognition. For this, 9studies have been analyzed where the treatment given to pregnant women is revealed, this being choline supplementation in different modalities (choline chloride, choline bitartrate, and phosphatidylcholine) and the different effects produced in the children of these mothers who have resulted from these treatment modalities. We conclude by stating that choline supplementation during pregnancy appears to be effective in improving or increasing cognition in children.
怀孕是女性一生中最重要且最艰难的时期之一。这一时期对宏量和微量营养素的需求极大，以满足发育中胎儿的需求并避免营养缺乏，从而获得尽可能好的结果。如今，大多数怀孕或计划怀孕的女性都知道获取特定类型营养素（蛋白质、脂肪、叶酸等）所需量的重要性，以及避免某些化合物（酒精、烟草、药物等）以避免孕期可能出现的并发症。近年来，有了最充分的科学证据，已表明其中一些营养素在孕期最佳结局中所起的作用比之前认为的更为重要。胆碱就是其中一种营养素。孕期补充胆碱已被证明是一种非药物治疗方法，能够改善新生儿的身体（生长）和智力（记忆）素质。自1998年以来，胆碱一直被视为一种必需营养素，多项研究已表明其在啮齿动物模型中的有效性。近期有关于其在人类应用的出版物，因此有必要进行系统综述。在本次对2012年至今有关通过补充更高剂量胆碱作为改善妊娠结局治疗方法的现有科学证据的系统综述中，其主要目的是确定通过补充胆碱对孕妇进行营养干预对儿童认知能力的影响。为此，分析了9项研究，其中揭示了给予孕妇的治疗方法，即不同形式的胆碱补充剂（氯化胆碱、酒石酸胆碱和磷脂酰胆碱）以及这些治疗方式对这些母亲的孩子产生的不同影响。我们得出结论，孕期补充胆碱似乎对改善或提高儿童认知能力有效。
