Livestock Production Management Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal- 132001, Haryana, India.
Livestock Production Management Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal- 132001, Haryana, India.
Res Vet Sci. 2023 Dec;165:105056. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105056. Epub 2023 Oct 15.
Mastitis is a multi-etiological production disease that causes substantial financial loss to dairy farmers. In this context, early detection of mastitis using thermograms can aid the dairy sector in managing mastitis efficiently, and this technology could be a supportive tool in precision dairy farming. Infrared cameras can detect minor temperature changes on the udder surface by taking multiple images of the udder and teat. In the current study, a thermogram of the short milking tube (SMT) of the milking machine, as well as the udder and teat of lactating Sahiwal cow (n = 100 quarters of 25 Sahiwal cows), was captured using a hand-held digital infrared thermal camera (DarviDTL007) during morning milking to assess the mastitis status. CMT and SCC of milk samples were carried out for further confirmatory diagnosis of healthy, sub-clinical (SCM), and clinical mastitis (CM). Cut-offs for short milking tube temperature were developed using the receiver operating characteristics analysis. Results of thermal image analysis revealed that the pre-milking, milking, and post-milking parameters of the udder and the teat skin surface temperatures showed a significant difference in the healthy, SCM, and CM-affected quarters. The thermogram analysis showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of 1.11 and 2.04°C in the mean values of SMT surface temperature among SCM and CM quarters compared to healthy quarters, respectively. In addition, the values of CMT and SCC revealed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in SCM and CM samples and a positive correlation to SMT surface temperatures. Short milking tube thermograms can be a useful assessment tool for detecting sub-clinical mastitis in dairy animals.
乳腺炎是一种多病因的生产性疾病，给奶农造成了巨大的经济损失。在这种情况下，使用热图像早期检测乳腺炎可以帮助奶业有效地管理乳腺炎，这项技术可以成为精准奶牛养殖的辅助工具。红外摄像机可以通过对乳房和乳头拍摄多张图像来检测乳房表面的微小温度变化。在本研究中，使用手持数字红外热像仪（DarviDTL007）在早上挤奶时拍摄了挤奶机短奶管（SMT）的热图以及萨希瓦尔泌乳奶牛（n=25 头萨希瓦尔奶牛的 100 个乳区）的乳房和乳头，以评估乳腺炎状况。对奶样进行 CMT 和 SCC 检测，以进一步确认健康、亚临床（SCM）和临床乳腺炎（CM）的诊断。使用受试者工作特征分析确定短奶管温度的截止值。热图像分析结果表明，健康、SCM 和 CM 影响的乳区的挤奶前、挤奶中和挤奶后参数以及乳头皮肤表面温度存在显著差异。热图分析显示，与健康乳区相比，SCM 和 CM 乳区的 SMT 表面温度平均值分别显著升高（p<0.05）了 1.11 和 2.04°C。此外，CMT 和 SCC 值显示 SCM 和 CM 样本中的值显著升高（p<0.05），与 SMT 表面温度呈正相关。短奶管热图可以成为检测奶牛亚临床乳腺炎的有用评估工具。
