Hu Yisi, Hu Yibo, Zhou Wenliang, Wei Fuwen
College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China; email:
Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China.
Annu Rev Anim Biosci. 2024 Feb 15;12:69-89. doi: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021022-054730. Epub 2023 Oct 20.
Giant pandas and red pandas are endangered species with similar specialized bamboo diet and partial sympatric distribution in China. Over the last two decades, the rapid development of genomics and metagenomics research on these species has enriched our knowledge of their biology, ecology, physiology, genetics, and evolution, which is crucial and useful for their conservation. We describe the evolutionary history, endangerment processes, genetic diversity, and population structure of wild giant pandas and two species of red pandas (Chinese and Himalayan red pandas). In addition, we explore how genomics and metagenomics studies have provided insight into the convergent adaptation of pandas to the specialized bamboo diet. Finally, we discuss how these findings are applied to effective conservation management of giant and red pandas in the wild and in captivity to promote the long-term persistence of these species.
大熊猫和小熊猫是濒危物种，在中国有着相似的专门以竹子为食的习性以及部分同域分布。在过去二十年里，针对这些物种的基因组学和宏基因组学研究迅速发展，丰富了我们对它们的生物学、生态学、生理学、遗传学和进化的认识，这对它们的保护至关重要且十分有用。我们描述了野生大熊猫以及两种小熊猫（中华小熊猫和喜马拉雅小熊猫）的进化历史、濒危过程、遗传多样性和种群结构。此外，我们探讨了基因组学和宏基因组学研究如何为大熊猫对专门竹子饮食的趋同适应提供了见解。最后，我们讨论了如何将这些发现应用于野生和圈养大熊猫及小熊猫的有效保护管理，以促进这些物种的长期存续。
