College for Criminal Law Science, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China.
College of Nursing, Al-Kitab University, Kirkuk, Iraq.
J Relig Health. 2023 Dec;62(6):3979-3994. doi: 10.1007/s10943-023-01938-w. Epub 2023 Oct 21.
The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with various health-related issues among nurses, including mental health problems such as moral injury. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between moral injury, general health, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and type of hospital among Iranian nurses working in different clinical settings during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional study employed convenience sampling to recruit 334 nurses working in various clinical settings, including teaching and referral hospitals, in Kerman, Southeastern Iran from October 2021 to February 2022. The study used three measures, including the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and The Moral Injury Symptom Scale-Healthcare Professionals version (MISS-HP). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS25. The results indicated that moral injury was highly prevalent among Iranian nurses, with 47% of the participants reporting experiencing it. A total, 26.9% of the participants reported experiencing mental health disorders and 57.2% of the participants reported experiencing this disorder. Significant correlations were found between moral injury, general health, and PTSD. Specifically, moral injury levels were higher among female nurses with a history of mental disorders and those designated to treat all kinds of cases, compared to other participants. The results suggest that Iranian nurses are at a high risk of experiencing moral injury during the COVID-19 pandemic. Policymakers and health authorities should establish related health educational programs, provide counseling services to promote general health, and pay particular attention to moral injury and PTSD. Additionally, nurse educators should integrate materials related to moral injury into the nursing curriculum.
COVID-19 大流行与护士的各种健康相关问题有关，包括心理健康问题，如道德伤害。本研究旨在评估在 COVID-19 爆发期间，在伊朗不同临床环境中工作的护士的道德伤害、一般健康、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和医院类型之间的关系。本横断面研究采用便利抽样法，于 2021 年 10 月至 2022 年 2 月期间在伊朗东南部克尔曼省的各种临床环境中招募了 334 名护士，包括教学和转诊医院。研究使用了三种措施，包括一般健康问卷（GHQ-12）、事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）和医疗保健专业人员版道德伤害症状量表（MISS-HP）。使用 SPSS25 进行数据分析。结果表明，道德伤害在伊朗护士中普遍存在，47%的参与者报告经历过这种情况。共有 26.9%的参与者报告患有精神障碍，57.2%的参与者报告患有这种障碍。道德伤害、一般健康和 PTSD 之间存在显著相关性。具体来说，与其他参与者相比，有精神障碍病史和被指定治疗各种病例的女性护士的道德伤害水平更高。研究结果表明，伊朗护士在 COVID-19 大流行期间经历道德伤害的风险较高。政策制定者和卫生当局应建立相关的健康教育计划，提供咨询服务以促进一般健康，并特别关注道德伤害和 PTSD。此外，护士教育者应将与道德伤害相关的材料纳入护理课程。
