Magill H L, Clarke E A, Fitch S J, Boulden T F, Ramirez R, Siegle R L, Somes G W
Radiology. 1986 Dec;161(3):625-30. doi: 10.1148/radiology.161.3.3786708.
A multicenter clinical study was conducted using iohexol, a second-generation nonionic contrast medium, for excretory urography performed in 130 children. Doses of iohexol (300 mg iodine/ml) ranged between 150 and 660 mgI/kg (0.5 and 2.2 ml/kg). Iohexol was tolerated well, and no significant adverse reactions occurred. Sixty-five iohexol urograms were evaluated to determine the minimum dose for adequate visualization of the kidneys and collecting systems. A dose greater than 300 mgI/kg (1.0 ml/kg) always resulted in a urogram of diagnostic quality, while visualization was insufficient for diagnosis in 10% of studies done with doses of 150-300 mgI/kg (0.5-1.0 ml/kg). Another 65 iohexol urograms were compared in a blinded manner with a similar number of studies performed using iothalamate meglumine at comparable iodine concentration and dose. Visualization of calyces and pelvoinfundibular structures achieved with iohexol was rated better with statistical significance, but there was no difference in visualization of the renal parenchyma or ureters. Use of iohexol in excretory urography may be advantageous in children who are at greatest risk for an adverse reaction to contrast media or in those most likely to benefit from use of a low osmolality contrast agent.
一项多中心临床研究使用第二代非离子型造影剂碘海醇对130名儿童进行排泄性尿路造影。碘海醇（300mg碘/ml）的剂量范围为150至660mgI/kg（0.5至2.2ml/kg）。碘海醇耐受性良好，未发生明显不良反应。对65例碘海醇尿路造影进行评估，以确定充分显示肾脏和集合系统的最小剂量。剂量大于300mgI/kg（1.0ml/kg）时，尿路造影总能达到诊断质量，而在使用150 - 300mgI/kg（0.5 - 1.0ml/kg）剂量进行的研究中，有10%的显影不足以用于诊断。另外65例碘海醇尿路造影与使用相同碘浓度和剂量的碘他拉葡胺进行的数量相似的研究进行盲法比较。碘海醇对肾盏和肾盂漏斗部结构的显影评分具有统计学意义的更好，但在肾实质或输尿管的显影方面没有差异。在对造影剂不良反应风险最高的儿童或最可能从使用低渗造影剂中获益的儿童中，排泄性尿路造影使用碘海醇可能具有优势。
