Central Ayurveda Research Institute, 284003, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Indian Institute of Sciences, 560012, Bangalore, India.
Chem Biodivers. 2023 Dec;20(12):e202301234. doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202301234. Epub 2023 Nov 27.
The genus of Salix is used in food, medicine and nutraceuticals, and standardized by using the single marker compound Salicin only. Stem bark is the official part used for the preparation of various drugs, nutraceuticals and food products, which may lead to overexploitation and damage of tree. There is need to search substitution of the stem bark with leaf of Salix alba L. (SA), which is yet not reported. Comparative phytochemicals viz. Salicin, Procyanidin B1 and Catechin were quantified in the various parts of SA viz. heart wood (SA-HW), stem bark (SA-SB) and leaves (SA-L) of Salix alba L.by using newly developed HPLC method. It was observed that SA-HW and SA-L contained far better amount of Salicin, Procyanidin B and Catechin as compared to SA-SB (SA-HW~SA-L≫SA-SB). Essential and toxic metal ions of all three parts were analysed using newly developed ICP-OES method, where SA-L were founded as a rich source of micronutrients and essential metal ions as compared to SA-SB and SA-HW. GC-MS analysis has shown the presence of fatty acids and volatile compounds. The observed TPC and TFC values for all three parts were ranged from 2.69 to 32.30 mg GAE/g of wt. and 37.57 to 220.76 mg QCE/g of wt. respectively. In DPPH assay the IC values of SA-SB, SA-HW, and SA-L were 1.09 (±0.02), 5.42 (±0.08), and 8.82 (±0.10) mg/mL, respectively. The order of antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and B. subtilis strains was SA-L>SA-HW>SA-SB with strong antibacterial activities against S. aureus, and B. subtilis strains. The antacid activities order was SA-L>SA-SB>SA-HW. The leaves of SA have shown significant source of nutrients, phytochemicals and medicinal properties than SA-HW and SA-SB. The leaves of SA may be considered as substitute of stem bark to save the environment or to avoid over exploitation, but after the complete pharmacological and toxicological studies.
柳属植物在食品、医药和营养保健品中被广泛应用，并仅使用单一标志物化合物水杨苷进行标准化。茎皮是用于制备各种药物、营养保健品和食品的官方部分，这可能导致对树木的过度开发和破坏。需要寻找替代柳属植物茎皮的部分，而柳属植物的叶子尚未被报道过。通过新开发的 HPLC 方法，比较了柳属植物的不同部位（心材、茎皮和叶子）中的水杨苷、原花青素 B1 和儿茶素等植物化学物质的含量。结果表明，与茎皮相比，心材和叶子含有更多的水杨苷、原花青素 B 和儿茶素（心材和叶子＞茎皮）。采用新开发的 ICP-OES 方法分析了这三个部分的必需和有毒金属离子，结果表明叶子是微量元素和必需金属离子的丰富来源，与茎皮和心材相比。GC-MS 分析表明存在脂肪酸和挥发性化合物。所有三个部分的 TPC 和 TFC 值范围分别为 2.69 至 32.30mgGAE/g 干重和 37.57 至 220.76mgQCE/g 干重。在 DPPH 测定中，柳属植物茎皮、心材和叶子的 IC 值分别为 1.09（±0.02）、5.42（±0.08）和 8.82（±0.10）mg/mL。对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性顺序为柳属植物叶子＞心材＞茎皮，对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑菌活性。抗酸活性顺序为柳属植物叶子＞茎皮＞心材。柳属植物的叶子比心材和茎皮含有更多的营养物质、植物化学物质和药用特性。在进行全面的药理学和毒理学研究之前，可以考虑将柳属植物的叶子作为茎皮的替代品，以保护环境或避免过度开发。
