Tammela T, Kontturi M, Lukkarinen O
Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1986;20(3):197-201. doi: 10.3109/00365598609024494.
198 (3.8% comprising 4.7% of the males and 2.9% of the females) out of 5220 surgical patients developed total urinary retention postoperatively. The frequency of this condition increased with age and was highest after thoracotomies and endoprosthetic surgery of the hip joints. Voiding history was abnormal in 80% of the patients affected. Subclinical obstructive bladder dysfunction, over-distension of the bladder during the operation and in the recovery room after the operation, sympathomimetic and anticholinergic medication during or after anaesthesia, and an inability to stand or sit after surgery were common causes of retention. Premedication, type of anaesthesia, nature of the liquids given and postoperative analgetics seemed not to affect the incidence of retention. Postoperative urinary retention is an underestimated and mostly avoidable complication. Every patient should be asked for a urinary history before an elective operation. Infravesical obstruction should be relieved before any other elective surgical procedures are undertaken. In cases of emergency surgery prophylactic catheterization to prevent postoperative retention is recommended for patients with obstructive symptoms.
5220例外科手术患者中，198例（占3.8%，其中男性占4.7%，女性占2.9%）术后发生完全性尿潴留。这种情况的发生率随年龄增长而增加，在开胸手术和髋关节置换手术后最高。80%受影响患者的排尿史异常。亚临床梗阻性膀胱功能障碍、手术期间及术后恢复室膀胱过度充盈、麻醉期间或之后使用拟交感神经药和抗胆碱能药物，以及术后无法站立或坐立是尿潴留的常见原因。术前用药、麻醉类型、所给液体的性质和术后镇痛药似乎不影响尿潴留的发生率。术后尿潴留是一种被低估且大多可避免的并发症。在择期手术前，应询问每位患者的排尿史。在进行任何其他择期外科手术之前，应解除膀胱下梗阻。对于急诊手术病例，建议对有梗阻症状的患者进行预防性导尿以防止术后尿潴留。
