Yi Wen, MD, Department of Pediatrics, the People's Hospital of Chongqing Liang Jiang New Area, No.199 Renxing Road, Renhe Street, Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, China, 401121,
J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10(4):748-755. doi: 10.14283/jpad.2023.59.
Dietary cholesterol has been confirmed to be associated with high risks of diabetes, hypertension, and stroke, but whether it is detrimental to cognitive health is highly debated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dietary cholesterol and all-cause dementia and AD dementia.
This prospective study analyzed Framingham Offspring Study cohort (FOS) participants who were dementia-free at baseline and had detailed information on daily diet (measured by food frequency questionnaires) and demographic characteristics. Surveillance for incident dementia commenced at examination 5 (1991-1995) through 2018 and continued for approximately 30 years.
A total of 3249 subjects were included with a mean age of 54.7 years (SD: 9.8). During a median follow-up of 20.2 years (interquartile range: 14.2-24.8), a total of 312 incident dementia events occurred, including 211 (67.7%) cases of AD dementia. After multivariate adjustments for established dementia risk factors, participants with the highest intake of dietary cholesterol had a lower risk of all-cause dementia (HR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.57-0.93) and AD dementia (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.60-0.88) relative to individuals with the lowest intake. However, the associations were not significant for the group with a medium intake of dietary cholesterol.
High intake of dietary cholesterol was associated with a decreased risk of all-cause dementia and AD dementia. The findings of this observational study need to be confirmed by other studies to highlight the role of dietary cholesterol in the development of neurodegenerative diseases.
膳食胆固醇已被证实与糖尿病、高血压和中风的高风险相关，但它是否对认知健康有害仍存在很大争议。本研究旨在调查膳食胆固醇与全因痴呆和 AD 痴呆之间的关联。
本前瞻性研究分析了弗雷明汉后代研究队列（FOS）的参与者，这些参与者在基线时无痴呆且有详细的每日饮食信息（通过食物频率问卷测量）和人口统计学特征。从检查 5 开始（1991-1995 年）对痴呆的发病进行监测，持续了大约 30 年。
共纳入 3249 名受试者，平均年龄为 54.7 岁（SD：9.8）。在中位随访 20.2 年（四分位距：14.2-24.8）期间，共发生 312 例痴呆事件，包括 211 例（67.7%）AD 痴呆。在对既定痴呆风险因素进行多变量调整后，与最低饮食胆固醇摄入量者相比，饮食胆固醇摄入量最高者患全因痴呆（HR：0.70；95%CI：0.57-0.93）和 AD 痴呆（HR：0.68；95%CI：0.60-0.88）的风险较低。然而，对于中等饮食胆固醇摄入量的人群，关联并不显著。
高饮食胆固醇摄入量与全因痴呆和 AD 痴呆的风险降低有关。需要其他研究来证实这项观察性研究的结果，以强调饮食胆固醇在神经退行性疾病发展中的作用。
