School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, China.
J Mol Histol. 2023 Dec;54(6):543-557. doi: 10.1007/s10735-023-10158-1. Epub 2023 Oct 24.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of most common metabolic diseases and continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. Although great efforts have been made to elucidate the pathogenesis of diabetes, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. Notably, overwhelming evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria are tightly correlated with the development of T2DM, and the defects of mitochondrial function in peripheral insulin-responsive tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue, are crucial drivers of T2DM. Furthermore, exercise training is considered as an effective stimulus for improving insulin sensitivity and hence is regarded as the best strategy to prevent and treat T2DM. Although the precise mechanisms by which exercise alleviates T2DM are not fully understood, mitochondria may be critical for the beneficial effects of exercise.
2 型糖尿病（T2DM）是最常见的代谢疾病之一，并且仍然是全球范围内主要的死亡原因。尽管已经做出了巨大的努力来阐明糖尿病的发病机制，但潜在的机制仍然不清楚。值得注意的是，大量证据表明线粒体与 T2DM 的发展密切相关，外周胰岛素反应组织（如骨骼肌、肝脏和脂肪组织）中线粒体功能的缺陷是 T2DM 的关键驱动因素。此外，运动训练被认为是改善胰岛素敏感性的有效刺激，因此被认为是预防和治疗 T2DM 的最佳策略。虽然运动缓解 T2DM 的确切机制尚不完全清楚，但线粒体对于运动的有益作用可能至关重要。
