Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2023 Jan-Dec;22(1):1022-1040. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2274479. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
Liposomes have been used as carriers for vaccine adjuvants and antigens due to their inherent biocompatibility and versatility as delivery vehicles. Two vial admixture of protein antigens with liposome-formulated immunostimulatory adjuvants has become a broadly used clinical vaccine preparation approach. Compared to freely soluble antigens, liposome-associated forms can enhance antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells and co-deliver antigens with adjuvants, leading to improved vaccine efficacy.
Several antigen-capture strategies for liposomal vaccines have been developed for proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Specific antigen delivery methodologies are discussed, including electrostatic adsorption, encapsulation inside the liposome aqueous core, and covalent and non-covalent antigen capture.
Several commercial vaccines include active lipid components, highlighting an increasingly prominent role of liposomes and lipid nanoparticles in vaccine development. Utilizing liposomes to associate antigens offers potential advantages, including antigen and adjuvant dose-sparing, co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant to immune cells, and enhanced immunogenicity. Antigen capture by liposomes has demonstrated feasibility in clinical testing. New antigen-capture techniques have been developed and appear to be of interest for vaccine development.
由于脂质体具有固有生物相容性和多功能性，可作为递送载体，因此已被用作疫苗佐剂和抗原的载体。将蛋白质抗原与脂质体制剂的免疫刺激性佐剂在两个小瓶中混合，已成为广泛使用的临床疫苗制备方法。与游离可溶性抗原相比，脂质体相关形式可以增强抗原递送至抗原呈递细胞，并与佐剂共同递呈抗原，从而提高疫苗的功效。
已经开发了几种用于蛋白质、肽和核酸的脂质体疫苗的抗原捕获策略。讨论了特定的抗原递送方法，包括静电吸附、包封在脂质体水核心内部、以及共价和非共价抗原捕获。
几种商业疫苗都包含活性脂质成分，这突显了脂质体和脂质纳米颗粒在疫苗开发中的作用越来越重要。利用脂质体来结合抗原具有潜在的优势，包括抗原和佐剂剂量节约、抗原和佐剂共同递送至免疫细胞、以及增强免疫原性。用脂质体进行抗原捕获已在临床测试中得到验证。已经开发了新的抗原捕获技术，似乎对疫苗开发具有重要意义。
