Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Sydney 2007, Australia.
Pathol Res Pract. 2023 Nov;251:154895. doi: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154895. Epub 2023 Oct 14.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are key pathophysiological features of chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Agarwood oil obtained from Aquilaria trees has promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, its clinical application is hampered by poor solubility. A viable approach to overcome this involves formulation of oily constituents into emulsions. Here, we have investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of an agarwood oil-based nanoemulsion (DE'RAAQSIN) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 mouse macrophages in vitro.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of DE'RAAQSIN was assessed by measuring the levels of ROS and nitric oxide (NO) produced, using the DCF-DA assay and the Griess reagent assay, respectively. The molecular pathways activated by DE'RAAQSIN were investigated via qPCR.
LPS stimulation of RAW264.7 cells increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and ROS and resulted in the overexpression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene. Furthermore, LPS induced the upregulation of the expression of key proinflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and CXCL1) and of the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). DE'RAAQSIN demonstrated potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the levels of ROS and of secreted NO, simultaneously counteracting the LPS-induced overexpression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and HO-1. These findings were corroborated by in silico activity prediction and physicochemical analysis of the main agarwood oil components.
We propose DE'RAAQSIN as a promising alternative managing inflammatory disorders, opening the platform for further studies aimed at understanding the effectiveness of DE'RAAQSIN.
氧化应激和炎症是包括哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）在内的慢性呼吸道疾病的关键病理生理特征。从沉香树中提取的沉香精油具有有前景的抗氧化和抗炎活性。然而，其临床应用受到溶解度差的限制。克服这一问题的可行方法是将油性成分制成乳液。在这里，我们研究了基于沉香精油的纳米乳液（DE'RAAQSIN）对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的 RAW264.7 小鼠巨噬细胞的体外抗氧化和抗炎潜力。
通过 DCF-DA 测定法和 Griess 试剂测定法分别测量 ROS 和一氧化氮（NO）的产生水平，评估 DE'RAAQSIN 的抗氧化和抗炎活性。通过 qPCR 研究 DE'RAAQSIN 激活的分子途径。
LPS 刺激 RAW264.7 细胞增加一氧化氮（NO）和 ROS 的产生，并导致诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）基因的过表达。此外，LPS 诱导关键促炎基因（IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β 和 CXCL1）和抗氧化基因血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）的表达上调。DE'RAAQSIN 通过显著降低 ROS 和分泌的 NO 水平，同时抵消 LPS 诱导的 iNOS、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β 和 HO-1 的过表达，表现出强大的抗氧化和抗炎活性。这些发现得到了基于计算机的活性预测和沉香精油主要成分的物理化学分析的证实。
我们提出 DE'RAAQSIN 是一种有前途的管理炎症性疾病的替代方法，为进一步研究 DE'RAAQSIN 的有效性开辟了平台。
