Projeto Harpia - Mata Atlântica (Harpy Eagle Project - Atlantic Forest), Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Alto Universitário, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil.
Projeto Harpia (Harpy Eagle Project - Brazil), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Av. André Araújo, 2936, Aleixo, Manaus, Amazonas, 69067-375, Brazil.
Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 25;13(1):18308. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-44014-9.
The Harpy Eagle (Harpia harpyja) is threatened with extinction throughout its distribution in the neotropical forests. In the Atlantic Forest, deforestation has reduced the number of suitable habitats, with only a few remnant forest fragments hosting active nests; currently, the only known nests in this region are in the Central Atlantic Forest Ecological Corridor (CAFEC), in Brazil. Little is known about Harpy Eagle diets in this region, despite this information being essential for developing effective conservation strategies. We classified the composition, frequency, richness, ecological attributes, and conservation status of the species that make up the Harpy Eagle's diet in its last refuges in the CAFEC. Between 2017 and 2021, we collected and analyzed 152 prey remains and 285 camera trap photographs from seven active nests. We identified at least 16 mammal species (96.7%), one parrot and other bird remains (3.3%). The Harpy Eagle's diet consisted mainly of medium-sized arboreal, folivorous, frugivorous, and diurnal mammals. Five prey species are currently threatened with extinction at global, six at national and seven at regional levels. The majority of the diet consists of Sapajus robustus, which is threatened, and Bradypus variegatus, which is not threatened. In addition to the effects of habitat loss and hunting, the Harpy Eagle may also suffer from the decline in the populations of their prey in the Atlantic Forest.
哈皮鹰（Harpia harpyja）在其分布的整个新热带森林中都受到灭绝的威胁。在大西洋森林中，森林砍伐减少了适宜栖息地的数量，只有少数剩余的森林碎片有活跃的巢穴；目前，该地区已知的巢穴仅在巴西的大西洋森林生态走廊（CAFEC）中。尽管了解哈皮鹰在该地区的饮食情况对于制定有效的保护策略至关重要，但人们对此知之甚少。我们对哈皮鹰在 CAFEC 最后避难所的饮食构成、频率、丰富度、生态属性和保护状况进行了分类。在 2017 年至 2021 年期间，我们从七个活跃的巢穴中收集并分析了 152 个猎物残骸和 285 张相机陷阱照片。我们确定了至少 16 种哺乳动物物种（96.7%）、一只鹦鹉和其他鸟类遗骸（3.3%）。哈皮鹰的饮食主要由中等大小的树栖、食叶、食果和昼行性哺乳动物组成。目前有五种猎物物种在全球范围内受到灭绝威胁，六种在国家范围内，七种在区域范围内。饮食中的大多数物种是受威胁的绒毛猴（Sapajus robustus）和非受威胁的低地三趾树懒（Bradypus variegatus）。除了栖息地丧失和狩猎的影响外，哈皮鹰的猎物数量减少也可能对其造成影响。
