Shin Yong Kyun, Kim Subin, Park Chung Gyoo, Kim Dong-Soon
Majors in Plant Resource Sciences & Environment, College of Applied Life Sciences (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
Insect-Verse Laboratory, Jinju-daero 859-1, Jinju 52716, Republic of Korea.
Insects. 2023 Oct 16;14(10):816. doi: 10.3390/insects14100816.
The onion maggot, (Meigen), is one of the most important insect pests to agricultural crops within genus, such as onions and garlic, worldwide. This study was conducted to understand the seasonal abundance of this pest, with special reference to the hot summer effect (HSE), which was incorporated into the model of summer diapause termination (SDT). We assumed that hot summer temperatures arrested the development of pupae during summer diapause. The estimated SDT curve showed that it occurred below a high-temperature limit of 22.1 °C and peaked at 16 °C. Accordingly, HSE resulted in delaying the late season fly abundance after summer, namely impacting the third generation. In Jinju, South Korea, the activity of was observed to cease for more than two months in the hot summer and this pattern was well described by model outputs. In the warmer Jeju Island region, Korea, the late season emergence was predicted to be greatly delayed, and did not exhibit a specific peak in the late season in the field. The abundance patterns observed in Korea were very different from those in countries such as the United States, Canada, and Germany. These regions are located at a much higher latitude (42° N to 53° N) than Korea (33° N to 35° N), and their HSE was less intense, showing overlapped or slightly separated second and third generation peaks. Consequently, our modeling approach for the summer diapause termination effectively explained the abundance patterns of in the late season. Also, the model will be useful for determining spray timing for emerging adults in late summer as onion and garlic are sown in the autumn in Korea.
葱蝇（Meigen）是全球范围内对葱属农作物（如洋葱和大蒜）危害最为严重的害虫之一。本研究旨在了解这种害虫的季节性发生规律，特别关注炎热夏季效应（HSE），并将其纳入夏季滞育终止（SDT）模型。我们假设炎热的夏季温度会在夏季滞育期间阻止蛹的发育。估计的SDT曲线表明，滞育终止发生在22.1℃的高温极限以下，且在16℃时达到峰值。因此，炎热夏季效应导致夏季后季蝇的数量延迟出现，即影响了第三代。在韩国晋州，观察到葱蝇在炎热的夏季停止活动超过两个月，模型输出很好地描述了这种模式。在韩国气候较为温暖的济州岛地区，预计后季羽化会大大延迟，且在田间后季未出现特定的峰值。在韩国观察到的发生规律与美国、加拿大和德国等国家非常不同。这些地区的纬度（北纬42°至53°）比韩国（北纬33°至35°）高得多，其炎热夏季效应较弱，第二代和第三代峰值重叠或略有分离。因此，我们针对夏季滞育终止的建模方法有效地解释了葱蝇后季的发生规律。此外，该模型对于确定韩国秋季播种洋葱和大蒜时夏末成虫的喷雾时机将很有用。
