Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Chemosphere. 2023 Dec;345:140518. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140518. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
Volatile organic compounds, mainly BTEX, are among the pollutants of concern in beauty salons and barbershops that threaten both staff personnel and clients' health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of BTEX in barbershops and beauty salons and assess the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks based on the actual risk coefficients. Also, possible sources of BTEX were determined.
Samples were collected by passive sampling. Quantitative and qualitative measurements of BTEX compounds were performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MASS). Subsequently, the health risks were assessed according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. SPSS24 software and positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis were used for statistical analysis and source apportionment respectively.
Toluene is the most abundant compound in beauty salons, with a maximum concentration of 219.4 (μg/m) in beauty salons. Results indicated that the mean ELCR value estimated for benzene regarding female staff exposure (1.04 × 10) was higher than that for men (4.05 × 10). Also, ELCR values of ethylbenzene for staff exposure were 2.08 × 10 and 3.8 × 10 for men and women, respectively, and possess possible carcinogenesis risks.
Use of solvents and cosmetic products, improper heating systems, and type of service are the sources that probably contribute to BTEX emissions in beauty salons. It is necessary to follow health guidelines and conduct continuous monitoring for their implementation, in addition to setting a mandated occupational regulation framework or air quality requirements, to improve the health conditions in beauty salons.
挥发性有机化合物（VOCs），主要是 BTEX，是美容院和理发店的主要污染物之一，对员工和顾客的健康都构成威胁。本研究旨在测定美容院和理发店内 BTEX 的浓度，并根据实际风险系数评估其致癌和非致癌风险。此外，还确定了 BTEX 的可能来源。
采用被动采样法采集样品。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对 BTEX 化合物进行定量和定性测量。随后，根据美国环境保护署的标准评估健康风险。采用 SPSS24 软件和正矩阵因子分析（PMF）分别进行统计分析和源解析。
甲苯是美容院中含量最丰富的化合物，浓度最高可达 219.4（μg/m）。结果表明，女性员工接触苯时估计的平均 ELCR 值（1.04×10）高于男性（4.05×10）。此外，员工接触乙基苯的 ELCR 值分别为 2.08×10 和 3.8×10，对男性和女性均具有潜在致癌风险。
溶剂和化妆品的使用、不当的加热系统以及服务类型可能是导致美容院 BTEX 排放的原因。有必要遵循健康指南并进行持续监测以确保其实施，此外还需要制定强制性的职业监管框架或空气质量要求，以改善美容院的健康状况。
