School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
Chemosphere. 2024 Jan;346:140493. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140493. Epub 2023 Oct 25.
The recent advancements in fabricating forward osmosis (FO) membranes have shown promising results in desalination and water treatment. Different methods have been applied to improve FO performance, such as using mixed or new draw solutions, enhancing the recovery of draw solutions, membrane modification, and developing FO-hybrid systems. However, reliable methods to address the current issues, including reverse salt flux, fouling, and antibacterial activities, are still in progress. In recent decades, surface modification has been applied to different membrane processes, including FO membranes. Introducing nanochannels, bioparticles, new monomers, and hydrophilic-based materials to the surface layer of FO membranes has significantly impacted their performance and efficiency and resulted in better control over fouling and concentration polarization (CP) in these membranes. This review critically investigates the recent developments in FO membrane processes and fabrication techniques for FO surface-layer modification. In addition, this study focuses on the latest materials and structures used for the surface modification of FO membranes. Finally, the current challenges, gaps, and suggestions for future studies in this field have been discussed in detail.
近年来，制备正向渗透（FO）膜的技术取得了显著进展，在海水淡化和水处理方面展现出了广阔的应用前景。为了提高 FO 性能，已经采用了多种方法，例如使用混合或新型汲取液、提高汲取液的回收率、膜改性和开发 FO 混合系统等。然而，要解决当前存在的问题，包括反向盐通量、结垢和抗菌活性等问题，仍然需要进一步的研究。在过去几十年中，表面改性已经应用于多种膜过程，包括 FO 膜。在 FO 膜的表面层中引入纳米通道、生物颗粒、新型单体和亲水基材料，显著影响了这些膜的性能和效率，并更好地控制了这些膜中的结垢和浓差极化（CP）。本综述批判性地研究了 FO 膜过程的最新发展以及 FO 表面层改性的制备技术。此外，本研究还重点介绍了用于 FO 膜表面改性的最新材料和结构。最后，详细讨论了该领域当前的挑战、差距和未来研究建议。
