Ahmed Israr, Ali Murad, Butt Haider
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates.
Micromachines (Basel). 2023 Oct 20;14(10):1955. doi: 10.3390/mi14101955.
The skin has emerge as a compelling subject for investigation owing to its accessibility and the relatively straightforward application of optical procedures to it. Diffusive reflection spectroscopy (DRS) was employed to study the influence of probe pressure on human skin. A comprehensive non-invasive study was conducted, which covers almost all the important body parts for in vivo measurements. Reflection spectra were measured for the fingertip, forearm, forehead, neck, and foot under a set of probe pressures (0-265 kPa). Importantly, each tissue type's unique composition and morphology influenced the shape, size, intensity, and position of the recorded peak, highlighting the tissue-specific responses to pressure. In addition, time-based reflection spectroscopy was also performed on the forearm under blood occlusion for 5 min to study the effect. DRS measurements were performed on volunteers of different skin tones, including dark, medium, and fair. Later, a change in the intensity of the oxyhemoglobin peak was confirmed using a green laser light of a wavelength of 532 nm. Besides the dermal studies, diffusive reflection spectroscopy was also employed to investigate the probe pressure effect on human nails. A probe pressure ranging from 0 to 385 kPa was applied for nail spectroscopy. The same trend of intensity change was observed following the previous measurements. The suggested sensing system may be crucial in applications requiring pressure sensing when the human body is subjected to varying pressures, such as exercise, weightlifting, and other sports.
由于皮肤易于接触且光学程序在其上的应用相对简单，皮肤已成为一个引人注目的研究对象。采用漫反射光谱法（DRS）研究探头压力对人体皮肤的影响。进行了一项全面的非侵入性研究，涵盖了几乎所有用于体内测量的重要身体部位。在一组探头压力（0 - 265 kPa）下，测量了指尖、前臂、前额、颈部和足部的反射光谱。重要的是，每种组织类型独特的组成和形态影响了记录峰的形状、大小、强度和位置，突出了组织对压力的特异性反应。此外，还对前臂在血液阻断5分钟的情况下进行了基于时间的反射光谱测量以研究其效果。对不同肤色的志愿者进行了DRS测量，包括深色、中等色和浅色。后来，使用波长为532 nm的绿色激光证实了氧合血红蛋白峰强度的变化。除了皮肤研究外，漫反射光谱法还用于研究探头压力对人类指甲的影响。在指甲光谱测量中施加了0至385 kPa的探头压力。观察到与先前测量相同的强度变化趋势。所建议的传感系统在人体承受变化压力（如运动、举重和其他体育活动）时需要压力传感的应用中可能至关重要。
